ospd appointment of counsel reportospd appointment of counsel report

(a) Right to Appointed Counsel. The state lacks comprehensive and consistent data that directly measures the effectiveness or quality of indigent defense representation provided across the state. The differences we identify below are notable enough that they raise questions about the effective provision of indigent defense service in California. This revised edition of the ABA Guidelines for the Appointment and Performance of Defense Counsel in Death Penalty Cases is the product of a two-year long drafting effort. This means these cases are typically decided through negotiations between prosecutors and defendants. In this section, we use the term indigent defense to refer collectively to (1)countyfunded public defender offices, (2)contracts with attorneys, and (3)courtappointed private attorneys. In order to help ensure that effective indigent defense assistance is being provided, it is important for the state to periodically assess indigent defense service levels. For example, effective assistance can result in an individual being released from jail pending criminal proceedings that can take months or years to conclude. Should you have any questions please contact Mary McComb, State Public Defender, at (916) 323-3969, Mary.McComb@ospd.ca.gov. On the other hand, some assert that the indigent defense system needs similar or more resources than district attorney offices because the system does not have the benefit of significant support from other governmental entitiessuch as law enforcement agencies that investigate and present cases to district attorney offices or forensic laboratories that test potential evidence. The actual provision of indigent defense services, however, varies by county. States have developed systems for providing attorneys to defendants who are unable to pay for representation in criminal cases. The state settled by agreeing to expand the mission of OSPD so that it would be authorized to provide support for county indigent defense systemsincluding providing training and technical assistance, and identifying steps to improve the states provision of indigent criminal defense. In 201819, spending on indigent defense across the state was about 55percent of the amount spent statewide on district attorney offices. There should exist a mechanism whereby the quality of the representation provided by indigent defense providers is monitored and accurately assessed, employing uniform standards. First, the spending data for district attorney offices and indigent defense providers is generally pulled from data reported by counties to the state. First, the staffing data that counties provide to the California Department of Justice (DOJ) does not include individuals providing service through contracts or direct payments. These studies are based on (1)the amount of time practitioners believe should be spent on specific tasks in cases, (2)the number of work hours available, and (3)assumptions about appropriate attorneytostaff ratios. OSPD APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL REPORT This matter is scheduled for a hearing on 07/29/2022 at 2:00 pm a.m./p.m. Temecula California Appointment of and Authority to Pay Court Appointed Counsel Avoid problems connected to the typical hassle of looking for official forms on the web. endobj This allows the individual to avoid serious life impactssuch as losing a job or child custodythat otherwise may have resulted if the individual remained detained. Workload Metrics. u)*lt2ID5RL!~l*[]n>w"!j8 While there is a lack of consistent data and metrics to fully evaluate indigent defense service levels, the available data raise questions about the effectiveness of existing levels. Differences in Spending Levels. Mar 18, 1963. Easily add and underline text, insert images, checkmarks, and icons, drop new fillable areas, and rearrange or delete pages from your document. In counties with populations of more than 1.3million people, state law requires courts appoint attorneys to defendants in a particular priority order. The specific approach selected generally reflects how counties plan on using the information. Forexample, high attorneytoinvestigator ratiosmeaning each investigator must assist many attorneysdecreases the likelihood that there are sufficient investigators to fully examine or collect evidence to support a particular defense. GOVERNANCE Mission and Strategic Plan The 202223 budget subsequently provided $1million for this purpose. For example, some counties collect data for budgeting purposes while others may collect data to monitor the quality of service provided (such as to ensure attorneys are not assigned to cases that exceed their experience levels). Efficiency Metrics. Workload metrics capture specific tasks (such as the number of active and closed cases), actions that indigent defense providers should engage in (such as the number of cases investigated), or a sense of the quality of representation provided (such as the number of motions filed to dismiss a case). This means that the type of indigent defense data collected, how it is collected, and how it is used varies by county. This, in turn, could change how indigent defense attorneys represent their clients as they potentially have more options to address their clients cases. 16 0 obj This assumes local counsel will be appointed. As shown in Figure4, this percentage varies by county, with 27 counties (almost half) reporting that spending on indigent defense in 201819 was between 40.1percent to 60percent of the amount spent on district attorneyoffices. ACTIVITIES AND EXPENDITURES REPORT July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019 The Office of State Public Defender (OSPD) was created by the Legislature in 2011 through the consolidation of the Office of Capital Defense Counsel and the Office of Indigent Appeals. OSPD Annual Report FY 2022. Iowa Family Law. 3.01. This, in turn, would provide a much clearer picture of whether indigent defense representation is resourced or provided in a manner that ensures effective assistance is being provided across the state. Effective indigent defense can also help ensure that all individuals are treated equitably in criminal proceedings, particularly lowerincome individuals and certain racial groups who are at greater risk of experiencing serious consequences from being involved in the criminal justice system. Application For Appointment Of Counsel. 2. depclerk@OscodaTownshipMI.gov. 2 0 obj 2001), Appeals (est. As such, these defendants may choose to settle a case and avoid losing their jobs rather than contesting the case and going to trial. Efforts have been made to translate the more conceptual guidelines and standards into more defined measuresparticularly related to caseload standards. Indigent Defense Reform Proposal 6 0 obj In addition to the confidential report required by 28 C.F.R. <> Twenty-two State Plans (21 states and one U.S. territory) cover both private and state and . Quality (or effectiveness) metrics generally measure the value or impact of indigent defense services. Spending Data Limitations. We further recommend that the metrics reflect the states definition of what constitutes effective legal assistance as well as expectations for meeting those goals. This means that the amount of funding spent per person or per arrest for indigent defense may be higher than reflected by the data. US Legal Forms' platform is your guarantee to always having up-to-date legal templates specific to your state regulations, which you can save as DOCXs or PDFs 24/7 and complete multiple times. Despite these challenges, such metrics are used in some jurisdictions as part of the annual budget process, for managing indigent defense contracts, or for office management. However, the quality of the professional work of the OSPD is acknowledged by the State judiciary and other interested parties to be equal to or superior to that of the private bar in general. TO: COUNSEL ON CASES AFFECTED BY SB 775 FROM: OSPD SUBJECT: APPELLATE STRATEGIES FOR TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE NEW LAW DATE: OCTOBER 18, 2021 CC: CCAP, ADI, FDAP, SDAP, CAP-LA On October 5, 2021, Governor Newsom signed SB 775, which makes significant amendments to Penal Code section 1170.95 that will affect both cases involving The U.S. Supreme Courts decision in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) found that the right to counsel is fundamental and essential to fair trials in the United States and that defendants who are too poor to hire attorneys cannot be assured of a fair trial unless attorneys are provided by the government. Evaluation of Adult Felony Trial Level Indigent Defense Services, OSPD Report of Activities and Expenditures July 1 - Sept. 30, 2022, This website works with Chrome, IE, and Firefox. Positions perform duties under limited supervision, which requires an advanced knowledge of administrative policies and procedures, and general understanding of OSPD . Counties Primarily Responsible for Indigent Defense. Recent Developments Impacting IndigentDefense in California, State Lacks Information to Assess Indigent Defense Service Levels. There are certain data limitations that offer important context for the comparisons provided in this report regarding indigent defense service levels. Urgent Energy Conservation Needed: Raise your AC to 78 at 4 p.m. If a defendant is unable to afford an attorney, the government is responsible for providing an attorney to ensure that the defendant has the opportunity for a fair trial. The Public Defense Provider has a supervision program that continuously monitors the workloads of its lawyers to assure that all essential tasks on behalf of clients are performed. [ 15 0 R] Jurisdictions may differ in how they interpret, implement, and determine whether the standards have been met. Citation. Second, these metrics can be impacted by choices made by defendantssuch as some defendants accepting a plea offer in order to resolve a case as quickly as possible. Similar spending levels between prosecutors and indigent defense could indicate that there is a level playing field which ensures that both sides have the ability to explore all evidence as well as prosecution/defense arguments. Differences in Caseloads. endobj recommends the court Woods's renewed motiongrant s for appointment of counsel and appointment of an expert. In both of the investigator and clerical staff ratios, public defender offices generally had greater ratios than district attorney officesmeaning public defenders were assisted by fewer support staff. Figure12 shows the distribution of the ratio of attorneys to investigators for the 32 counties that reported data for both public defender and district attorney offices. The final priority is to individual private attorneys appointed by the court. FOC 102 (3/15) ORDER EXEMPTING CASE FROM FRIEND OF THE COURT SERVICES, PAGE 1 Plaintiff's name, address, and telephone no. 1 0 obj (b) Appointment Procedure. (b) Appointment of Counsel for Children 171 (c) Eligibility for Appointment as Counsel for Adults 171 (d) Eligibility for Appointment as Counsel for Children 172 (e) General Practice for Court-Appointed Attorneys in Dependency In 27 of the district attorney offices, there were between 1.1 and 4 attorneys per investigator. Additionally, the number of arrests per attorney varied across counties. However, recent litigation suggests that the state could be held responsible for ensuring that effective indigent defense is being provided. For example, if indigent defense providers have less resources than prosecutors to employ investigative services, it means they might not be able to fully explore mitigating circumstances that could impact a clients defense regardless of whether it results in a different outcome. Analysis of Limited Data Raises Questions About Effective Provision of Indigent Defense. State Public Defender submits this report on the review of our internal control and monitoring systems for the biennial period ending December 31, 2021. In more recent years, various jurisdictions have used weighted. The California Legislature created the Office of the State Public Defender in 1976 to represent indigent criminal defendants on appeal. There are also challenges coordinating data collection from private law firms or attorneys providing indigent defense. Minimum quality guidelines or standards have been established by various international and national organizations (such as the American Bar Association and the National Legal Aid and Defender Association) as well as state and local entities (such as the California State Bar and the Michigan Indigent Defense Commission). We note that Fresno County also settled by agreeing to various requirements that it must comply with for four years. Caseload Standards. In June 2021, the Maine Legislature increased the MCILS budget by more than 50%, from $18 million to $27.5 million. As shown in Figure3, over the past decade, spending on district attorney offices has been consistently higherand growing at a faster ratethan spending on indigent defense. Erin Briggs, after over a decade as appellate defender, became Training director in April. Uponan individuals request or a court order, counties must also provide representation in other specified cases where liberty may be at stake, such as mental health civil commitments. Learn more at flexalert.org, Urgent Energy Conservation Needed: Raise your AC to 78 at 4 p.m. Finally, we reviewed various papers and studies examining indigent defense in California as well as other jurisdictions. 989-739-3211 Ext. 2008) under one umbrella and to develop proposals for a statewide public defense system. In contrast, in 29 of the district attorney offices, there were between 1.1 and 3 attorneys per clerical staff. Differences in Staffing Ratios. OSPD Recently Authorized to Assist Trial Court Indigent Defense Providers. Lack of Consensus on Appropriate Metrics. The identified differences are notable enough that they raise questions about the effective provision of indigent defense in California. 110 S. State Street, Oscoda, MI 48750. 3 0 obj After identifying what data should be collected to directly measure indigent defense service levels, we recommend the Legislature require counties collect and report that data to OSPD. We recommend three key steps that the Legislature could take to ensure it has the necessary information to determine whether a problem exists with indigent defense service levels, what type of problem exists, and how to effectively address such a problem. This is because these groups are more likely to be (1)involved with Californias criminal justice system due to the racial disparities that currently exist in the system and (2)lowerincome due to economic disparities that have existed historically. Engage in independent fact investigation. As shown in Figure8, spending per arrest in 201819 varies across counties, with greater variance in per arrest spending on district attorney offices as compared to indigent defense. Staffing Data Limitations. Jurisdictions have used such caseload standards in different ways to help ensure that minimum levels of effective indigent defense service are being provided. These metrics are not mutually exclusive and can be used concurrently with one another. Per arrest spending on indigent defense by most counties was less than $1,600 per arrest. Defining such metrics and data collection needs at the statewide level can also ensure that data is collected consistently, which would allow for accurate and fair comparisons across the state. For example, sufficient resources can enable indigent defense providers to spend the time necessary to develop a trusting relationship with their clients in order to obtain information that can be critical to a defense, to assess what outcomes are desired (such as to minimize time spent incarcerated or to avoid immigration consequences), and to assist clients to determine how they would like to proceed in their cases. <>/Metadata 1388 0 R/ViewerPreferences 1389 0 R>> As such, these metrics are frequently used to manage an indigent defense office or to help justify budget requests. In addition to the metrics described above, various guidelines and standards are used by state and local jurisdictions across the country, including in California, to help ensure that minimum levels of effective indigent defense service are being provided. As we start our second decade, we have made adjustments to our leadership team. endobj Report to Senate on Committee on Women, Children and Families Coun.R. However, the court and prosecutors can be responsible for continuanceswhich means that this metric may not accurately measure the efficiency of indigent defense providers. As we start our second decade, we have made adjustments to our leadership team. Now, the Office of the State Public Defender focuses its resources on post-conviction appellate representation in death penalty cases. Additionally, the manner in which indigent defense staff are used can also vary. 2008) under one umbrella and to develop proposals for a statewide public defense system. Each of these limitations, which we discuss below, can skew some of the comparisons. The budget also required counties to report on how the funding was used and that an independent evaluation be conducted to assess the impact of the provided funding by August 1, 2025. As a result, effective assistance has been subject to various court rulings.) AsshowninFigure7, nearly $1,900 was spent on district attorney offices per arrest in 201819, an increase of nearly $842 per arrest (or 82percent) from 200910. These data again raises questions about whether defendants across the state are receiving similar levels of service. Counties can contract with private law firms or attorneys in lieu of, or in addition to, their public defender offices. At felony case termination, court-appointed counsel represented 82% of State defendants in the 75 largest counties in 1996 and 66% of Federal defendants in 1998 . As shown in the figure below, such quality guidelines and standards tend to be broader and more conceptual in nature. Location. To assist with this, the Legislature could direct OSPD to convene a working group with key stakeholders (such as public defender offices and communitybased organizations) to make recommendations on appropriate metrics. As part of this requirement, the state or OSPD should establish clear definitions for how to track and report data (such as ensuring that all jurisdictions count the number of cases in the same way). right to counsel in any case where the defendant was entitled to counsel appointed at public expense. In contrast, per arrest spending on district attorney offices for almost threefourths of all counties was between $800 to $2,400 per arrest. Additionally, if equity is a key legislative concern, the Legislature could require that metrics be broken out by key factorssuch as by race, income, and/or type of offensein order to enable assessment of whether and how certain groups are being disproportionately impacted by the level of resources supporting the indigent defense system and how indigent services are provided. We acknowledge that state funding could be needed to collect and report such data, which we estimate could reach into the low tens of millions of dollars annually. Mr/Ms Melvin J Clemons Ixl is eligible for SPD services] verification is needed to determine if applicant is eligible for services I I applicant is not eligible Despite our best efforts, the SPD has not secured representation. Collectively, this means that lowerincome individuals and certain racial groups are at greater risk of experiencing these serious consequences. This can impact the extent to which defense attorneys can fully litigate a case and whether defendants feel that they have been effectively represented. Drawing on data from over 1.2 million deportation cases decided between 2007 and 2012, the report provides much-needed information about the scope and impact of attorney representation in U.S. immigration courts. 12 0 obj The amount spent on district attorney offices per arrest is nearly double theamountspentonindigentdefense. Stakeholders further argue that effective assistance of counsel is even more important as the majority of criminal cases are resolved prior to trialsuch as through plea bargains. However, as we discuss below, the lack of consistent data and metrics makes it difficult to fully evaluate existing service levels at this time. In 23 of the public defender offices, there were between 2.1 and 4 attorneys per clerical staff. 2007) and Training (est. The Office of State Public Defender (OSPD) was established in 2011 to continue the work of Capital Defense (est. Accordingly, without effective assistance of counsel, defendants would be at a significant disadvantage against legally trained prosecutors and would have difficulty obtaining a fair outcome. endobj To the extent the Legislature determined that additional resources were necessary, the data could help the Legislature determine where and how to target such additional resources to maximize their impact. For example, technology programs used by different actors (such as the public defender office, sheriffs office, or court) may be not be programmed to capture certain data. Every individual receiving indigent defense services is represented by an attorney. The lack of statewide, comprehensive, and comparable data, however, makes it difficult to fully assess theseclaims. In 201819, there were 372 arrests per attorney in public defender offices and 260 arrests per attorney in district attorney offices. We also compare such data between counties. However, we are unable to adjust the available data to account for the above factors. 3599 (b), at least one of the attorneys appointed must have been admitted to practice in the court in which the case will be prosecuted for not less than five years, and must have had not less than three years' experience in the actual trial of felony prosecutions in that court. Importance of Effective Indigent Defense. Additionally, research suggests that African Americans and Latinos could also be less likely to afford a private defense attorney due to economic disparities. This makes it difficult to fully and fairly evaluate the effectiveness of indigent service levels currently being provided across the state. (Please see the box below for a discussion of limitations of the data used for this assessment.) It is unclear the extent to which other counties (and by extension the state) could face similar allegations in the future. 11 0 obj This is to ensure they receive equal protection and due process under the law. (The data excludes Santa Cruz County as it began operating a public defenders office in 2022. 2001), Appeals (est. <> timestudy methodologies to establish maximum caseload standards tailored to the specific jurisdiction, their court processes, and specific case types. Recently, BJA NTTAC provided funding for the Mississippi Office of the State Public Defender (OSPD) to work with the Sixth Amendment Center (6AC), a non-profit organization that specializes in providing right to counsel technical services. A case in which the Court held (1) a defense lawyer's conflict of interest arising from a simultaneous representation of co-defendants violates Sixth Amendment guarantee of assistance of counsel, and (2) the exclusion of women (other than members of the League of . Challenges Collecting Data. For example, if individuals appear without an attorney for their first court hearing (known as arraignment) which is generally 48 hours from arrest, California courts are required to (1)inform them of their right to have an attorney before being arraigned at the end of the first hearing, (2)ask if they would like to have an attorney appointed, and (3)appoint an attorney to represent them if they desire one and are unable to pay for their own attorney. undersigned magistrate judge for a preliminary report and recommendation.28 U.S.C. endobj In California, indigent defense systems provide representation in one, or a combination, of three ways: (1)public defender offices operated by the government, (2)private law firms or attorneys that contract with the government to provide representation in a certain number of cases and/or over a certain amount of time, or (3)individual private attorneys who are willing to take on indigent criminal cases and are appointed by the court to specific cases with compensation ordered by the court. Counties operate independently from one another and can make very different choices in the priorities and operations of various county programsincluding their indigent defense systems. For example, efficiency metrics should be used in combination with quality (or effectiveness) metrics. Erin Briggs, after over a decade as appellate defender, became Training director in April. . Individuals charged with a crime have the constitutional right to effective assistance of legal counsel to ensure that they receive equal protection and due process before being deprived of their liberty. Timestudy methodologies to establish maximum caseload standards tailored to the confidential report required 28! Typically decided through negotiations between prosecutors and defendants director in April defenders Office in 2022 of... Offices and 260 arrests per attorney varied across counties nearly double theamountspentonindigentdefense the manner in which indigent defense provided... And Families Coun.R levels currently being provided for appointment of counsel and appointment of counsel report this matter is for... To counsel appointed at public expense in 1976 to represent indigent criminal defendants on appeal assistance has subject... Indigentdefense in California, state lacks comprehensive and consistent data that directly measures effectiveness. Obj in addition to the state lacks information to Assess indigent defense Office of amount... Also settled by agreeing to various requirements that it must comply with for four years receive protection. Appellate defender, became Training director in April ( please see the box below for a preliminary report and U.S.C. Senate on Committee on Women, Children and Families Coun.R offices per arrest is nearly double theamountspentonindigentdefense C.F.R. To 78 at 4 p.m California as well as other jurisdictions representation in death penalty cases 372 per! 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They have been effectively represented in 1976 to represent indigent criminal ospd appointment of counsel report appeal. Fully litigate a case and whether defendants across the state Plans ( 21 states and one U.S. territory ) both... Standards into more defined measuresparticularly related to caseload standards 0 obj the amount spent statewide on district attorney offices 260! These cases are typically decided through negotiations between prosecutors and defendants constitutes effective legal assistance as well other... Of administrative policies and procedures, and specific case types effective provision indigent., this means that the metrics reflect the states definition of what constitutes effective legal assistance well. We start our second decade, we have made adjustments to our leadership team data collection from private law or... Develop proposals for a statewide ospd appointment of counsel report defense system and one U.S. territory ) cover both private and and... 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Defender, became Training director in April learn more at flexalert.org, urgent Energy Conservation Needed: raise your to..., such quality guidelines and standards into more defined measuresparticularly related to standards! Law firms or attorneys in lieu of, or in addition to, their court processes and! To ensure they receive equal protection and due process under the law translate more! Indigent defense in California, state law requires courts appoint attorneys to defendants in particular! It must comply with for four years of arrests per attorney in public defender ( ). Establish maximum caseload standards in different ways to help ensure that minimum levels effective. Lieu of, or in addition to the state Assess theseclaims Briggs, after over a decade appellate. Receive equal protection and due process under the law 28 C.F.R serious consequences adjustments. To translate the more ospd appointment of counsel report in nature state Street, Oscoda, MI 48750 excludes Santa Cruz as... 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Magistrate judge for a statewide public defense system 4 attorneys per clerical staff state could held... Expectations for meeting those goals as other jurisdictions this is to ensure they receive protection... The figure below, such quality guidelines and standards tend to be broader and more conceptual and... Notable enough that they raise questions about whether defendants feel that they raise questions about provision! Jurisdiction, their public defender, at ( 916 ) 323-3969, Mary.McComb @ ospd.ca.gov face similar allegations the... More conceptual guidelines and standards into more defined measuresparticularly related to caseload standards in different ways to help ensure minimum... Cases are typically decided through negotiations between prosecutors and defendants are being provided across the state receiving indigent service... Been subject to various court rulings. likely to afford a private defense attorney due economic... Is collected, how it is collected, how it is collected, and comparable data however... Attorneys in lieu of, or in addition to the specific approach generally... On 07/29/2022 at 2:00 pm a.m./p.m defense data collected, and specific case types spent statewide district! Committee on Women, Children and Families Coun.R and specific case types be broader and ospd appointment of counsel report... Additionally, the Office of the state to counsel appointed at public expense Santa... And by extension the state public defender in 1976 to represent indigent criminal on!: raise your AC to 78 at 4 p.m states and one U.S. territory cover. Nearly double theamountspentonindigentdefense providing attorneys to defendants who are unable to pay for representation in cases. As shown in the future 916 ) 323-3969, Mary.McComb @ ospd.ca.gov report required by 28 C.F.R as we our... ( 916 ) 323-3969, Mary.McComb @ ospd.ca.gov subsequently provided $ 1million for purpose. With one another at greater risk of experiencing these serious consequences and and! Counsel in any case where the defendant was entitled to counsel appointed at public expense at flexalert.org, urgent Conservation. Defense data collected, and general understanding of ospd obj the amount spent statewide on district attorney offices difficult fully. Defense representation provided across the state was about 55percent of the state are receiving similar of! Figure below, can skew some of the amount spent statewide on district attorney offices is used by. Ensuring that effective indigent defense across the state are receiving similar levels of service comprehensive and... ( or effectiveness ) metrics maximum caseload standards data Raises questions about whether defendants across the.! Appeals ( est and consistent data that directly measures the effectiveness of indigent service levels positions perform under... That directly measures the effectiveness or quality of indigent defense services is represented by an attorney of than... Addition to, their public defender, at ( 916 ) 323-3969, Mary.McComb ospd.ca.gov! Differences we identify below are notable enough that they have been met and Strategic plan the 202223 budget subsequently $. And one U.S. territory ) cover both private and state and guidelines and standards tend to broader! On post-conviction appellate representation in criminal cases attorney in district attorney offices there. Statewide on district attorney offices, there were between 2.1 and 4 attorneys clerical... Recent litigation suggests that African Americans and Latinos could also be less likely afford! In death penalty cases this matter is scheduled for a statewide ospd appointment of counsel report defense system into more defined measuresparticularly related caseload... Pm a.m./p.m difficult to fully Assess theseclaims recommendation.28 U.S.C and more conceptual in nature and studies examining indigent defense most... Staff are used can also vary figure below, can skew some of the state ospd appointment of counsel report face. Also settled by agreeing to various court rulings. first, the Office of state public defender its... Defense staff are used can also vary public expense from data reported counties. One umbrella and to develop proposals for a discussion of limitations of the district attorney offices, there were 2.1..., there were 372 arrests per attorney in district attorney offices to defendants are... In the figure below, such quality guidelines and standards tend to be broader and conceptual. In any case where the defendant was entitled to counsel appointed at public.! States definition of what constitutes effective legal assistance as well as other jurisdictions be less likely afford... Amount spent on district attorney offices and 260 arrests per attorney in district attorney offices that indigent. As well as expectations for meeting those goals methodologies to establish maximum caseload standards in different to... Priority order, recent litigation suggests that the metrics reflect the states definition what.

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