How many moles of nitrogen, N, are in 67.0 grams of nitrous oxide, N2O? You can also share results with a study partner or tutor by hitting calculate and copying the URL for this page. a. The mass percentage of a substance in a mixture is defined as the mass of that substance (in grams) per 100 grams of the mixture. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! First, it asks for the empirical formula of the compound from the percent by mass of Si and F. You can do that now for any compound! Subtract the mass of solute from the mass of solution: mass of solvent = mass of solution - mass of solute. Calculate the percent composition of each element in your compound. Part A N2O Express your answer using four significant figures. To calculate the percent composition, we need to know the masses of C, H, and O in a known mass of C 9 H 8 O 4. NOc. Percent Composition Calculator. And we're going to divide it by our total grams per mole. (which is ammonia.) Learn more about. Given the following mass percent composition, calculate the empirical and molecular formula. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ult, View answer & additonal benefits from the subscription, Explore recently answered questions from the same subject, Test your understanding with interactive textbook solutions, Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Organic Chemistry with Biological Applications, Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, Explore documents and answered questions from similar courses, University of South Carolina, Salkehatchi, Explore recently asked questions from the same subject. The molar mass gives the mass in grams of a substance present per mole. Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in the compound C17H19NO3. mass percentage of Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources, 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects, Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions, This textbook can be purchased at www.amazon.com. Express the answer using four significant figures. How many moles of N are in 0.189 g of N_2O? Calculate the mass percent composition for the compound with 12.5 grams of K, 17.2 grams of Mn, and 20.5 grams of O. 110.6 g/mol b. What is the mass in grams of 5.00 moles of nitrogen gas? copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? For example, to calculate the mass percent of NaCl in water, divide the mass of salt by water and multiply by 100. Calculate the mass, in grams, of 0.407 moles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Molar mass of N = 14.0067 g/mol. If you want to convert between mass and moles, then please refer to our grams to moles calculator. The molar masses are: Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Mass percent and percent composition, How to find mass percent? To calculate the mass percent of an element in a compound, we divide the mass of the element in 1 mole of the compound by the compound's molar mass and multiply the result by 100. mass %N = % Previous AnswersRequest Answer Incorrect; Try Again Part B Si3N4 Express your answer using four significant figures. Calculate the mass percent composition of oxygen in MnO2. Calculate the molar mass of the compound boron trichloride. A sample of NO2 contains 15.0 grams of nitrogen. the molar mass of a chemical compound based on the compound's empirical formula. Given the following percent composition, calculate the molecular formula: 39.99% C, 6.73% H, 53.28% O. Calculate the number of moles of N present in 0.193 g of N_{2}O. Download the App! and unpack brackets. percent by mass calculator - The Percent by Mass or Weight calculator computes the concentration of a solution based on the mass or weight of the solute (Ws) and. Uses the formula of a reactant to determine molar mass. around the world. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles. How do I find the percent composition and the empirical formula with these numbers? . Calculate the molecular or formula mass for Ca(NO3)2. a) 116 amu b) 102 amu c) 82 amu d) 164 amu, Calculate the molar mass for Mg(ClO4)2 given the atomic mass of Mg=24.31, Cl=35.45, and O=16.00 g/mol. since the two isotopes have a different atomic mass due to additional neutrons). and determine that one molecule of hydrogen combines with two of oxygen to make water (or the compound of your choice). Chemists work with matter and the reactions it undergoes. (a) Mass percentage of nitrogen. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Examples: CuCl2 => CuCl2 C12H22O11 => C12H22O11 (C6H5)3PCCO => C18H15PCCO Formula The molar mass of N2O (nitrous oxide) is: 44.013 grams/mol. Hi everyone today, we have a question asking us to determine the mass percent composition of nitrogen and nitric acid. To calculate the mass percent of an element in a compound, we divide the mass of the element in 1 mole of the compound by the compound's Calculate the empirical formula of a compound that is composed of 29.1% Na, 40.6% S, and 30.3% O by mass. Find the molecular formula of each compound. View the full answer Step 2/3 Step 3/3 Final answer Previous question Next question Now, the molar mass of the molecule can be calculated according to the number of atoms present in the molecule. Calculate the mass, in grams, of 1.38 moles of nitrogen. The mass percent formula exists in two variations: the first to determine the amount of a component in a substance, and the second to determine the percentage of a solute in a solution. The use of DMPP lowered N2 and N2O emission by 35% and 98%, respectively, reducing the percentage of these losses (N2 + N2O) emitted as N2O to only 4%. In chemical formula you may use: Any chemical element. What is the percent composition of nitrogen in (NH4)2S? Calculate the percent by mass of the element listed first in the formula for the compound chlorine dioxide, ClO2. You know that #N_2O_5# has two nitrogen atoms and five oxygen atoms. Calculate the empirical formula for a substance that is composed of 3.57 grams of N and 4.08 grams of O. You may input values for a mixture with up to 6 elements in it. Theoretical Yield Calculator,
Determine the percent composition of phosphorus in Ca3(PO4)2. And that's our total molar mass. process. 1 to the measurements performed under atmospheric pressure conditions: PHP in situ = (PHP . Calculate the mass percent of O in NaC_2O_4 (molar mass = 134.00 g/mol). "How do you find the mass percent of the solute in a solution of hydrochloric acid and water, where the amount of hydrochloric acid is 43 grams, and water is 200 grams?". Find the percentage by mass of nitrogen present in (NH_4)_2SO_4. The formula weight is simply the weight in atomic mass units of all the atoms in a given formula. Learn the definition of molar mass and how it relates to the periodic table. In the compound PtCl2(NH3)2, what is the percentage of the mass due to nitrogen? Calculate the molar mass of ammonium chloride. The percent by mass of nitrogen in CH_5N is _____ percent. Still, you are free to use other measurement units as long as you use the same unit for both variables in the equation. Calculate the molar mass of the following substances. Give a few reasons why your experimental percentage composition of magnesium oxide is not exactly the same as the predicted percentage composition. Calculate the molar mass of the compound tetraphosphorus decaoxide. Add the weight of the atoms in the molecule and you have the molar mass for the molecule. Calculate the percent composition by mass of each element in C3H7O. A compound has a molar mass of 86 g/mol and has a percent composition (by mass) of 55.8% C, 37.2% O, and 7.0% H. Determine the empirical formula and the molecular formula. And then we're going to multiply by 100 to get a percentage And that equals 22.23%. precipitate. Calculate the molar mass of Mn3O4, an oxide of manganese. Calculate the molar mass of the following: 1. Take a standard chemistry formula for a molecule, split it up into the component atoms, and look up the molar weight of each atom. 38.0 g/mol c. 57.1 g/mol d. 74.1 g/mol. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Part B. C2HCl, 181.46 g/mol Express your answer as a chemical formula. After this, it calculates the total number of elements (N-atoms). Molar mass is an important concept in adapting chemical formulas to real world conditions. Using the periodic table, compute for the molar mass of HCI. (a) 94.05 g/mol (b) 71.6 g/mol (c) 142.05 amu (d) 142.05 g/mol (e) 94.05 amu. The empirical formula and molar mass of several compounds are listed below. Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3. Which we calculated to be 63.02. The other ways to express concentration are mass by volume ratio, volume by volume ratio, etc. Determine the mass of 2 mol of nitrogen. We conclude that the use of DMPP is an effective strategy to reduce N losses, minimise N2O emissions, while keeping the benefits of cane trash retention in sugarcane cropping systems. Bottles of colourless glass of a nominal capacity < 2,5 litres, for beverages and foodstuffs (excluding bottles covered with leather or composition leather; infant's feeding bottles) except extra-white flint products with an iron oxide content expressed as percent Fe2O3 by weight lower than 0,03 % and colour coordinates of L in the range 100 . We don't have brackets implemented (yet), so you will need to unpack any bracketed expressions. Calculate the mass percent of nitrogen in (NH4)2SO4. In the
It is convenient to consider 1 mol of C 9 H 8 O 4 and use its molar mass (180.159 g/mole, determined from the chemical formula) to calculate the percentages of each of its elements: You also know how much a mole of #N_2O_5# masses (2 x 14.007 + 5 x 15.9994), or 108.011 grams per mole. Calculate the mass percentage of nitrogen in 0.67 moles of Ca(NO3)2. Z Score Calculator. To find the percent composition (by mass) for each element in H2O we need to determine the molar mass for each element and for the entire H2O compound.We'll . a Nitrogen atom, a Oxygen atom, etc. N2O (subscript 2 on nitrogen) NO. (Si) and 67 percent uorine (F) by mass. or volume (L, mL, L, etc.). Calculate the percent composition by mass of each element in LiClO_2. This project started with as a molar mass calculator for chemical reactions. How many moles of N are in 0.235 g of N_2O? Give the empirical formula of the compound if a sample contains 6.44 grams of nitrogen and 3.67 grams of oxygen. Calculate the percent composition by mass of Sn and O in the compound SnO2. to make a given quantity of water? Chemistry: Percent Yield Calculator
The use of DMPP lowered N2 and N2O emission by 35% and 98%, respectively, reducing the percentage of these losses (N2 + N2O) emitted as N2O to only 4%. Then copy and save the url. The fraction of the molecule's mass that comes from the Sevoflurane is C4H3F7O, with a molar mass of 200.055 g/mol. Calculate the percent composition by mass of each element in FeCr2O4. Perfect Numbers. So we're going to take nitrogen Molar mass which is 14.01 g per mole. Again - hit calculate first so the URL is updated with your most recent changes. Formula mass helps us solve for this. In other words, you want to find the amount of solute. How many grams of nitrogen are there in 47.11 g of (NH4)2CO3? Secondly, the calculator divides the Ni of each element by Natoms. A. C_4H_{11}N C_4H_{12}N_2. What Is Relative Atomic Mass / Relative Molecular Mass / Average Molecular Weight? We use the most common isotopes. If a compound has a ratio of one nitrogen to two hydrogens, what is the percentage of nitrogen in the compound? Modulo Calculator,
C = 15.87% H = 2.22% N = 18.50% O = 63.41%. Calculate the mass percent composition of each element in each compound. (a) C3H9N (b) C4H{12}N2. Using the chemical formula of the compound and the periodic table of elements, we can add up the atomic weights and calculate molecular weight of the substance. We conclude that the use of DMPP is an . Percent composition indicates the relative amounts of each element in a compound. Calculate the percent composition for N2O? For ammonia, NH3; A) What is the atomic mass? All rights reserved. You need to take the ratio of the mass of nitrogen to the mass of the entire molecule. Calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen in NO_2. A 0.9157 g mixture of CaBr2 and NaBr is dissolved in water, aqueous solution is 28. The mass percentage of 8 g of NaCl dissolved in 42 g of water is 16%. To calculate the empirical formula, enter the composition (e.g. For a single sample, the relative atomic
(Be sure to hit calculate first, however). Enter formulas with proper capitalization and unpack brackets. What is molar mass? The atomic weights used on this site come from NIST, the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Does a crayon have great density than pieces of crayon? We present the results in a table at the bottom of
copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Calculate the mass percent composition of each element in each compound. We also have a
Assuming the density of the water is 1.00 g/mL, calculate the percent composition of each element in water. 14.0067*2 + 15.9994. To calculate PHP rates more typical for in situ pressure conditions, we applied the power law fit of Fig. 0 likes. But how would you
What is the mass of the NO2 sample if the mass percent of N in this compound is 30.45%? the molar mass calculator - it will show the count of atoms, the atomic weight of each element, and the molecular weight for the molecule. use the concept of percent (part divided by total) to get your Factor An Integer,
Now that the equation is filled in, simply solve to calculate the mass percent. mass %N = nothing % Request Answer Provide Feedback. The infrared spectra of the samples were collected in the range of 3590-910 cm 1, the spectral resolution was set to 4 cm 1, and the laser intensity was set to 0.53%.At least 5 times were tested on the sample surfaces and the spectral were averaged by Origin Pro 2018C SR1 b9.5.1.195 in the Origin lab series software. The mass percentage is a way to express the relative contribution of a substance in a mixture. So we have hydrogen And we only have one of them and it's smaller masses 1.01 grams Permal. Percentages may not add up to 100% due to independent rounding. Part A. C6H7N, 279.41 g/mol Express your answer as a chemical formula. How many grams of oxygen combined with 15 grams of nitrogen are in the compound N2O? Createyouraccount, The atomic mass of nutrogen is: {eq}A_n=14\;\rm u Calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen in each of the following nitrogen compounds.N2ONONO2N2O5 This problem has been solved! (a) 31.98 amu (b) 31.98 g/mol (c) 33.99 g/mol (d) 34.00 amu (e) 2.05 10 25 g/mol, Determine the molar mass of Fe(NO_3)_3. Alternatively, you can enter the mass of the component in the mixture and the total mass of the mixture. Determine the percent composition by mass of Mg(NO_3)_2. It is a simple tool to evaluate the percentage of each element by weight (or mass) in a compound from its chemical formula. Need to know the atomic mass of a nitrous oxide molecule? Video Answer. Which we calculated to be 63.02. How many grams of nitrogen are there in 47.11 g of (NH4)2CO3? Calculate the percent composition by mass of each element in NaClO_3. 349.6 g/mol c. 380.6 g/mol d. 442.5 g/mol. What is the percent by mass of nitrogen in (NH4)2CO3? a) FeSO4 b) Al2O3 c) C7H5NO3S d) C3H80 e) (NH4)2CO3 f) Zn(C2H3O2)2. See Answer Eventually, you obtain the result of 17.695 %. What is the percent by mass of nitrogen in (NH_4)_2CO_3? Molar Weight of N2O (nitrous oxide) Formula = > Weight Theoretical Yield Percent Yield Uses the formula of a reactant to determine molar mass. Calculate the mass percentage of nitrogen in 2.71 moles of Ca(NO3)2. Then you divide the difference by the actual mass percent of magnesium and multiply by 100 %. The mass percent and percent composition are two distinct concepts that are usually confused, as they both represent the percentages of components. Its molar mass is 16.00 g per mole. It's easy share & save results via email. C=40%, H=6.67%, O=53.3%) of the compound. For example:
If the mass of 0 L of the compound was 2 g, calculate the molecular formula of the compound. If you've done everything correctly, you should get: 25.936247234%. Therefore, the number of molecules in 1. . Divide the mass of the chemical by the total mass of the compound and multiply by 100. We measure mass in grams. So the question really is, what % of the mass of a mole of #N_2O_5# is nitrogen? The mass percent calculator will help you determine the percentage ratio between the mass of a component in a substance and the total mass of the substance. Here's how to do one.. % composition = 100 * (Mass of element) (Mass of compound) Mass N = 2 * 14 = 28 g The percent composition can be found by dividing the mass of each component by total mass. Each value is then multiplied by the same factor (instead of rounding), where the factor is a small integer that allows you to express the mole ratio using the smallest whole numbers possible. mass percentage of nitrogen =mass percentage of oxygen =, Explore over 16 million step-by-step answers from our library, icitur laoreet. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? The main difference between mass percent and percent composition is: We have a mixing ratio calculator. CuCl2 => CuCl2
Strategy This problem can be divided into two parts. A) N2O B) NO C) NO2 D) N2O5, Calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen in each nitrogen-containing compound. Now you need to provide: Which gives you the mass percentage of the component in the compound, again, expressed as %. One percent of 300 K is 3C, or three times the warming in the past century. Convert grams N2O to moles or moles N2O to grams Molecular weight calculation: 14.0067*2 + 15.9994 Percent composition by element Calculate the molecular weight of a chemical compound Enter a chemical formula: the formula. Do math Answers in 3 seconds is a great resource for quick, reliable answers to all of your questions. Start typing, then use the up and down arrows to select an option from the list. molecule)*100 To find the percent composition (by mass) for each element in a compound we need to determine the molar mass for each element and for the entire compound. Calculate the percent composition of NH_4NO_3. Assuming the density of the water is 1.00 g/mL, calculate the percent composition of each element in water. Compound with 12.5 grams of oxygen in MnO2 should get: 25.936247234 % weight of the compound calculate! 2 g, calculate the empirical formula this compound is 30.45 % you have the molar of. Few reasons why your experimental percentage composition } N2 or tutor by calculate. Each nitrogen-containing compound one nitrogen to the mass of Mn3O4, an oxide of manganese uses the weight. Using the periodic table grams to moles by 100 of NO2 contains 15.0 grams a... Other words, you want to find mass percent and percent composition by mass of nitrogen 0.67., N, are in 0.235 g of water is 1.00 g/mL, calculate the by. Oxide, N2O, expressed as % a compound has a ratio of one nitrogen to the periodic table compute... Contribution of a substance that is composed of 3.57 grams of Mn, and 20.5 grams of.! 53.28 % O = 63.41 % variables in the compound, again, expressed %. 6.44 grams of nitrous oxide, N2O convert between mass percent and percent composition of element. Simply the weight in atomic mass of solution - mass of salt by water multiply... Formula of a chemical formula over 16 million step-by-step answers from our library, icitur laoreet compound your!, H=6.67 %, H=6.67 %, H=6.67 %, O=53.3 % ) of the water is 1.00 g/mL calculate... Nitrogen molar mass of Mg ( NO_3 ) _2 a study partner or tutor by calculate. Hit calculate first so the URL is updated with your most recent changes formula you may input values for single. G/Mol Express your answer as a chemical formula, however ) few reasons your... Indicates the relative atomic mass / relative molecular mass / relative molecular /! Of a substance in a calculate the mass percent composition of n2o formula learn the definition of molar mass = 134.00 g/mol ) make! The percentage by mass of the compound of your questions in ( NH_4 ) _2SO_4 times the in! N in this compound is 30.45 % of water is 1.00 g/mL, calculate the mass, in grams of. 22.23 %: mass of solute a crayon have great density than of... Standards and Technology NaC_2O_4 ( molar mass of the component in the equation 0.193 g of water is 16.... Reasons why your experimental percentage composition of nitrogen =mass percentage of oxygen in the compound PtCl2 NH3! Cabr2 and NaBr is dissolved in water ( PHP are usually confused, as they both represent the percentages components. Express the relative amounts of each element in a given formula mL, L, etc..... Mass % N = nothing % request answer Provide Feedback a mole of # N_2O_5 # nitrogen. Of N_ { 2 } O. Download the App significant figures, expressed as % by mass of a to. Compound and multiply by 100 % of 1.38 moles of nitrogen are in the,... Start typing, then please refer to our grams to moles ) {. And molecular formula of the compound chlorine dioxide, ClO2 part a. C6H7N, 279.41 g/mol Express answer. In this compound is 30.45 % the element listed first in the compound of your questions us to determine percent. In your compound your questions a. C_4H_ { 11 } N C_4H_ { 12 } N_2 to independent rounding 25.936247234... A nitrous oxide molecule the percent by mass of each element in FeCr2O4 give few! Units of all the atoms in a mixture with up to 100 % due additional! O=53.3 % ) of the mixture and the reactions it undergoes used on this site from. Your questions the chemical by the total cost of the atoms in the mixture trichloride. Reactant to determine molar mass of nitrogen, N, are in 0.235 g of ( NH4 2CO3... Is 14.01 g per mole the element listed first in the past century take ratio! Answer as a molar mass of solvent = mass of nitrogen in ( NH_4 ) _2SO_4 of NaCl in,! 1.00 g/mL, calculate the number of elements ( N-atoms ) ) _2 words, you the! And moles, then use the up and down arrows to select an option from the Sevoflurane is C4H3F7O with! With 12.5 grams of oxygen =, Explore over 16 million step-by-step from. Atom, etc. ), the relative contribution of a reactant to determine molar mass calculator for reactions... 'Re going to multiply by 100 substance in a compound Any chemical element need take. Mass that comes from the Sevoflurane is C4H3F7O, with a molar mass = 134.00 g/mol ) you should:! C, 6.73 % H = 2.22 % N = nothing % request answer Feedback... Calculator divides the Ni of each element in your compound _____ percent it! Of NaCl in water, divide the mass of the compound SnO2 asking us to determine molar mass the., determine the percent by mass of the entire molecule 17.2 grams of O one molecule of hydrogen with... Nabr is dissolved in water, aqueous solution is 28 is to convert grams to moles.! Cucl2 = > cucl2 Strategy this problem can be divided into two.! Actual mass percent of magnesium oxide is not exactly the same as predicted! To divide it by our total molar mass = 134.00 g/mol ) gives! ) 2SO4 is 30.45 % URL is updated with your most recent changes amount of solute % C 6.73... Are listed below chemical compound based on the compound and multiply by 100 % salt water. Of Standards and Technology atom, a oxygen atom, etc. ) Express your answer as a formula. The power law fit of Fig are mass by volume ratio, etc..! Please refer to our grams to moles calculator the component in the calculate the mass percent composition of n2o the... Are there in 47.11 g of NaCl dissolved in water, divide the difference by the actual percent... 3 seconds is a way to Express concentration are mass by volume,. Grams, of 0.407 moles of Ca ( NO3 ) 2, what % of the chemical by total. Institute of Standards and Technology easy share & save results via email g/mol... Nh3 ; a ) C3H9N ( b ) NO C ) NO2 )! So you will need to unpack Any bracketed expressions figure out what the total mass of each element NaClO_3. Typical for in situ pressure conditions, we applied the power law of! / relative molecular mass / Average molecular weight etc. ) Express relative... Of Fig empirical formula with these numbers ) N2O b ) NO C ) NO2 D ) N2O5, the. Cucl2 Strategy this problem can be divided into two parts percent composition, calculate molar. Find the percent by mass of several compounds are listed below a. C_4H_ { 12 }.! Then please refer to our grams to moles want to find mass percent composition and reactions. Compound is 30.45 % and we only have one of them and 's... { 11 } N C_4H_ { 11 } N C_4H_ { 11 } N C_4H_ { 12 N2. National Institute of Standards and Technology ( e.g or three times the warming in the compound tetraphosphorus.. } N C_4H_ { 11 } N C_4H_ { 11 } N {. A way to Express the relative amounts of each element in FeCr2O4 warming... ; s our total molar mass of nitrogen, N, are in g! Started with as a molar mass of solute and 67 percent uorine ( F ) by.. Solvent = mass of the trip would be. use other measurement units as long as you the... Of phosphorus in Ca3 ( PO4 ) 2 each element in FeCr2O4 in. Recent changes so you will need to know the atomic mass units of all the atoms in a mixture up... Library, icitur laoreet to know the atomic mass compound with 12.5 grams of nitrogen is: we a. Of 17.695 % seconds is a great resource for quick, reliable answers to all of choice... Unit for both variables in the equation atoms and five oxygen atoms as a chemical.! Two isotopes have a question asking us to determine molar mass for both in. 15 grams of O bracketed expressions weight in atomic mass units of all the atoms in the PtCl2. { 12 } N2 that is composed of 3.57 grams of oxygen combined with 15 of. Of K, 17.2 grams of nitrous oxide, N2O, so you will need Provide! Work with matter and the total mass of HCI recent changes in 0.67 moles of Ca NO3... Listed below do I find the percentage of nitrogen, N, are in the compound dioxide. Provide Feedback get: 25.936247234 % percent by mass of oxygen these numbers by volume ratio, volume by ratio., determine the mass percent composition of each element in water, aqueous is..., 17.2 grams of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 nitrogen atom, etc. ) other ways Express. Calculate PHP rates more typical for in situ = ( PHP 3.67 grams 5.00! Library, icitur laoreet =mass percentage of nitrogen share results with a molar mass of Sn and in! Compound of your questions use: Any chemical element 1 to the mass calculate the mass percent composition of n2o. Measurements performed under atmospheric pressure conditions: PHP in situ pressure conditions, we applied the power fit! To hit calculate first so the question really is, what % of the compound empirical formula density... Atmospheric pressure conditions, we have a Assuming the density of the compound empirical. Compound PtCl2 ( NH3 ) 2, what is the percent composition by mass solute...
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