Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. sort by. "[115] Speer's attorney, Hans Flchsner, successfully contrasted Speer from other defendants[116] and portrayed him as an artist thrust into political life who had always remained a non-ideologue. [113] Speer was indicted on four counts: participating in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. [20], Shortly after Hitler came into power, he began to make plans to rebuild the chancellery. In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. [176] In 2007, The Guardian reported that a letter from Speer dated 23 December 1971, had been found in a collection of his correspondence with Hlne Jeanty, the widow of a Belgian resistance fighter. never got along so good before or after. happened. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. [1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. [182], During the war, the Speer-designed Reich Chancellery was largely destroyed by air raids and in the Battle of Berlin. They're private residences. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. Before World War II, Speer helped propel the Nazi vision of grandeur and superiority. Today: Still there. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. Albert Speer (n.Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, 19 martie 1905 d. 1 septembrie 1981) a fost un arhitect german care a fost, pentru o parte din al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, ministrul al narmrii i produciei de rzboi pentru al Treilea Reich.Speer a fost arhitectul preferat al lui Adolf Hitler, nainte de a ocupa posturi ministeriale.i-a asumat responsabilitatea pentru crimele . [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. body was never found or returned to the family and there are some [150], He had remained married to his wife, but he had formed a relationship with a German woman living in London and was with her at the time of his death. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. Speer-Weber, Magarete, born 08-09-1905 in Heidelberg, lived there all her live, they also had a house near Hitler's Berghof on the Obersalzberg and was a girlfriend of Eva Braun (see Braun parents) and a regular visitor on the Berghof of Berchtesgaden. He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. "[16] The historian Magnus Brechtken, discussing Speer, said he did not give anti-Jewish public speeches and that his anti-Semitism can best be understood through his actionswhich were anti-Semitic. Son of Albert Friedrich Speer and Luise Mathilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) Speer. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. [125] He had completed his memoirs by November 1953, which became the basis of Inside the Third Reich. It will begin in Norway and extend to northern Italy. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. [52] Construction stopped on the Berlin and Nremberg plans at the outbreak of war. [27], When Troost died on 21 January 1934, Speer effectively replaced him as the Party's chief architect. In 1918, moved to Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany. all Albert Speer wanted was to feel important. [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. [146] So great was the need to believe this "Speer Myth" that Fest and Siedler were able to strengthen iteven in the face of mounting historical evidence to the contrary. This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. Hello. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. [158] Kitchen said he had deceived the Nuremberg Tribunal and post-war Germany. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. Speer returned to London in 1981 to participate in the BBC Newsnight programme. [74] In occupied areas of the Soviet Union, that had been subject to partisan action, civilian men and women were rounded up en masse and sent to work forcibly in Germany. Discussions on the personalities of the Wehrmacht and of the organizations not covered in the other sections. Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. This led to the development of Germany's first cyclotron. She married Prince Albert who was her cousin. [91], The largest technological advance under Speer's command came through the rocket program. - London, Anglia, 1981. szeptember 1.) [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. [citation needed], At the Nuremberg Trials, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his use of prisoners in the armaments factories while Minister of Armaments. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. Then it was too late; Germany had been destroyed. I recommend this book without reservations. Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. Albert Speer, Germany Architect. Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. House Albert Speer (4) Location: Take the road in front of the Gutshof back uphill to the Berghof. Study now. He lost Hitler's unconditional support and began to lose power. [63] Other factors probably contributed to the increase more than Speer himself. Werner Heisenberg told Speer "the scientific solution had already been found and that theoretically nothing stood in the way of building such a bomb." Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. [114], The chief United States prosecutor, Robert H. Jackson, of the U.S. Supreme Court said, "Speer joined in planning and executing the program to dragoon prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries, which waxed in output while the workers waned in starvation. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . [14] The couple would have six children together, but Albert Speer grew increasingly distant from his family after 1933. A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison. [90] By this time, 140,000 people were working in Speer's underground factories. Hitler commissioned him to design and construct structures including the Reich Chancellery and the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. But the children-my two brothers and I-had to use the back stairs. It takes the reader inside Nazi Germany on four different levels: Hitler's inner circle, National Socialism as a whole, the area of wartime production and the inner struggle of Albert Speer. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. He was charged with planning for war, planning a war of aggression, crimes against peace and crimes against humanity. [117], Speer was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor and forced labor. By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. Gring was reluctant to grant this. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. [138] He said little, reserving most comments for a major interview published in Der Spiegel in November 1966. Speer states he became hopeful when Hitler explained how communism could be checked and Germany could recover economically. [129] To make his daily walks around the garden more engaging Speer embarked on an imaginary trip around the globe. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Inside the Third Reich: Directed by Marvin J. Chomsky. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. [157] In return they were paid handsomely in royalties and other financial inducements. [183], This article is about the Nazi minister. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. A dramatization of the life of Albert Speer (Rutger Hauer), Adolf Hitler's (Sir Derek Jacobi's) young architect and one-time confidant, and his meteoric rise into the Nazi hierarchy. Die Zelle. August 1, 2017. According to Speer's daughter Hilde Schramm, "One by one my sister and brothers gave up. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. bio je arhitekt i ministar naoruanja u nacistikoj Njemakoj. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. Speer arrived there the previous evening and accepted Todt's offer to fly with him to Berlin. [94] After the plot Speer's rivals attacked some of his closest allies and his management system fell out of favor with radicals in the party. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". [155] Speer even invented his own birth's circumstances, stating falsely that he was born at midday amid crashes of thunder and bells of the nearby Christ Church, whereas it was between three and five o'clock, and the church was built only some years after. [170] Historian Martin Kitchen states that Speer was actually "fully aware of what had happened to the Jews" and was "intimately involved in the 'Final Solution'". "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. [85] The growth, however, consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft. William. Inside the Third Reich begins with an account of Speer's childhood, followed by a description of his role as Heinrich Tessenow's assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. Em 1946, ele foi julgado em Nuremberga e sentenciado a 20 anos de priso por sua participao no regime nazista, principalmente pelo uso de trabalho escravo nos campos de concentrao. [106][c], By April, little was left of the armaments industry, and Speer had few official duties. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". [57] Speer succeeded Todt not only as Reich Minister but in all his other powerful positions, including Inspector General of German Roadways, Inspector General for Water and Energy and Head of the Nazi Party's Office of Technology. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. This movie is based on Speer's autobiography of the same name. Speer's father ran one of the more prosperous architecture firms in the area. [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. Speer did not act on the request until mid-January 1943. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . Profile manager: Gordon Becker [ send private message ] The book also shows a photograph from 1943, of . [147], Speer made himself widely available to historians and other enquirers. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. Speer, imenovan tudi prvi arhitekt Tretjega rajha , je bil Hitlerjev glavni arhitekt v nacistini Nemiji, leta 1942 pa je v Hitlerjevem kabinetu postal minister za oboroitev. [60] Speer set out to gain control not just of armaments production in the army, but in the whole armed forces. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. [15], In January 1931, Speer applied for Nazi Party membership, and on 1 March 1931, he became member number 474,481. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. If Speer, who had been so close to Hitler, had not known the full extent of the crimes of the Nazi regime and had just been "following orders", then they could tell themselves and others they too had done the same. In the aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives, he had been commissioned to renovate the Borsig Palace on the corner of Vostrae and Wilhelmstrae as headquarters of the Sturmabteilung (SA). Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. [39], Plans to build a new Reich chancellery had been underway since 1934. [52] Speer's building work made him among the wealthiest of the Nazi elite. No buildings designed by Speer during the Nazi era are extant in Berlin, other than the 4 entrance pavilions and underpasses leading to the Victory Column or Siegessule,[180] and the Schwerbelastungskrper, a heavy load-bearing body built around 1941. [6] He followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. There's a small road going to the right. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". I am sure that an oppressive feeling struck me as I drove past. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. He met Hitler and toured the damaged Chancellery before leaving Berlin to return to Hamburg. The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. In this position, Speer used millions of forced laborers to raise economic production. Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. 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