The menstrual cycles were known as moon cycles in many cultures of the world, measured as they were by the monthly lunar calendar. Because the Greek endyein meant "to dive," the name Endymion ("Diver") at first simply described the process of the setting sun "diving" into the sea. Plato, Republic 2.364e; Philochorus, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (FHG) 1 frag. Different sources vary as to whether the chariot was golden or silver, but a silver chariot would seem to fit better with the goddess of the moon. My work has also been published on Buzzfeed and most recently in Time magazine. Seneca, Madness of Hercules 83; Hyginus, Fabulae 30; Aelian, On Animals 12.7 (citing Epimenides); etc. Hurwit 2017, pp. H. G. Evelyn-White; cf. Festivals and feasts were determined by the lunar calendar, giving Selene as Mene an important role in the worship of all the gods and goddesses. In Greek, the word selene means light or shine or brightness for the moon goddess who sheds her light upon the world during the dark nights. Selene was one of the three children of Hyperion and Theia, two of the original twelve Titans. [97] Hyginus says that Selene had "nourished" the lion in a "two-mouthed cave". Though Selene almost never appears in modern adaptations of Greek mythology, she is nonetheless present in pop culture as the personification of the moon. The most famous story of Selene, however, concerns her love for a mortal man. She was depicted as a woman riding sidesaddle on a horse or driving a chariot drawn by a pair of winged steeds. The personification of the Sun, he was portrayed as driving a four-horse chariot across the sky on a daily basis. Their names differed from the other triads of Horae and they were considered to be the personifications of the four seasons itself. Her brother is Helios, the Sun and her sister is Eos, the Dawn. The most important of Selenes symbols was her moon chariot. She fell madly in love with him and asked Zeus to let him stay asleep forever, remaining eternally young and beautiful (in some traditions, it was Endymion himself who requested this unending sleep). Artemis has been commonly associated with Selene. The months had their own personifications as well, who were all born from Selene. The tale of Endymion and Selene is one that has resonated with people for millennia. Two winged steeds pulled her across the sky each night. Selene is often eclipsed by the popularity of Artemis as a lunar goddess, but as the personification of the moon itself she had a significant impact on the lives and views of the Greek people. Hail, white-armed goddess, bright Selene, mild, bright-tressed queen! Homeric Hymn 4.99100. In Greek mythology, Selene was the Titan goddess of the moon. The most well-known story of Selene is her love of the mortal man Endymion. [4] Here she is represented as a radiant goddess, wearing a crown and beautiful robes and riding a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky: From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. The Greek word for the moon was also the word used to delineate the months. However, her greatest love was a lowly mortal named Endymion. [33] The Homeric Hymn to Helios follows this tradition: "Hyperion wedded glorious Euryphassa, his own sister, who bare him lovely children, rosy-armed Eos and rich-tressed Selene and tireless Helios",[34] with Euryphassa ("widely shining") probably being an epithet of Theia. As time progressed, they merged into one identity. Way). [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. Witchcraft has long been believed to have had a connection with the moon and it was no different in antiquity. [28], Another version is known only from Lucian, a satirical writer from the second century CE. [95], Anaxagoras also reports that the Nemean lion was said to have fallen from the moon. In some versions, Zeus cursed Endymion because he fell in love with Queen Hera, wife of Zeus. . Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. 14 In works of art, however, the two divinities are usually distinguished; the face of [9] Mene and Men both derive from Proto-Hellenic *mns ("month"), itself from Proto-Indo-European *mhns (meaning moon, the lunar month), which probably comes from the root *meh- ("to measure"), and is cognate with the English words "Moon" and "month". She was the Greek goddess of the Moon and her sisters were the Eos and Helios. This might have had a role in the later identification of Selene with Hecate, who was, after all, the goddess of witchcraft and spells. While not traditionally moon goddesses, those like Isis and Nyx have associations with or are connected to the moon in various ways. Helios was married to Perse, but he had quite a few extramarital affairs, and a number of children . 112114; Palagia 2005, Examples, among many others, include sarcophagi in the, This Epigenes has been tentatively identified with, Although usually the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, as in, Online version at Demonax | Hellenic Library, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, "Kaguya Another Chapter for the Lunar Saga", Online version at Harvard University Press, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library (Latin), Classical mythology in western art and literature, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selene&oldid=1142206020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Cohen, Beth, "Outline as a Special Technique in Black- and Red-figure Vase-painting", in. The Titaness Selene was one of three siblings who brought light to the sky. The cave in Anatolia where Endymion was said to sleep became a holy place for Selene. There are different versions of this story. [87], According to the late account of Nonnus, when the gigantic monster Typhon laid siege against the heavens, he attacked Selene as well by hurling bulls at her, though she managed to stay in her course, and rushed at her hissing like a viper. [158] HMS Selene (P254), a 1944 British submarine and Ghia Selene, a concept car from the Ghia design studio from 1959, also bore her name. [117] Selene also appears on horseback as part of the Gigantomachy frieze of the Pergamon Altar. In ancient Greek mythology, Selene, is the Titan goddess of the moon and is said to drive her glowing chariot powered by beautiful white horses across the sky each night. Pandia Usually said to be the daughter of Selene and Zeus, Pandia was also sometimes given as another name for Selene herself. Occasionally she asked her brother to take over her duties so she could spend more time on the ground with Endymion. But unlike other night goddesseslike Nyx, Hecate, and sometimes even ArtemisSelene represented the moon itself. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Gods of Death Selene's Roman name was Lunar. The lunar goddess was also important for her influence over female fertility cycles and childbirth. Not only was she the goddess of the moon, but she was considered a personification of the moon itself and that was how she was portrayed by many of the old poets and writers. Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. That the myths contained a considerable element of fiction was recognized by the more critical Greeks, such as the philosopher Plato in the 5th-4th century bce. In post-classical times, Selene was often identified with Artemis, much as her brother, Helios, was identified with Apollo. For this the Greek gods were to be worshiped. All Rights Reserved. As the moon, Selene occupied an important place in popular religion. Modern audiences do not often think about Selenes cyclical nature, however. [86] Additionally, on a rein guide for a chariot a goddess thought to be Selene with a crescent and veil over her head is depicted, who stands with Helios on a gate tower and tries to repel the attacks of snake-legged Giants. Her appearance matched the night sky she drove through. Myth Early History Selene was the daughter of the titans, Hyperion and Theia, sister to Helios (the sun) and Eos (dawn). Also known as Mene, she is traditionally the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, and sister of the sun god Helios and the dawn goddess Eos. Rheinisches Museum Fr Philologie, vol. The moon was thought to influence people in other ways, as well. A womans fertility was said to be influenced by the cycles of the moon, a belief that gave English the word menses, and under Selenes influence women were said to have an easier time in childbirth than they did during the day. In the most familiar account, Selene first saw the beautiful Endymion as he lay sleeping in a cave on Mount Latmus. Her father was the Titan god of heavenly light, while her mother represented the blue color of the sky. Attributes to the Byrgos Painter, ca. [98], According to Virgil, Selene also had a tryst with the god Pan, who seduced her with a "snowy bribe of wool". One of the names given for Selene, and occasionally for an independent personification, was Mene. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortal men. These were Eiar, Theros, Cheimon, and Phthinoporon, Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter. [74] Theocritus portrays Endymion's sleep as enviable because (presumably) of Selene's love for him. 10; Pisander, Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (FGrH) 16 frag. [84] Selene's participation in the battle is evidenced by her inclusion in the Gigantomachy frieze of the Pergamon Altar, fighting against Giants next to her siblings Helios and Eos and her mother Theia in the southern frieze. The Greek word Phoebe means bright and the word Cynthia means from Mount Cynthus which was said to be the birthplace of Artemis. Plutarch, On the Face in the Moon 30, On Isis and Osiris 52; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.337; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 10.214, 44.70. Her Roman equivalent is Luna. But while there, he committed some transgression (usually, he was said to have fallen in love with Zeus wife Hera). Greek mythology, body of stories concerning the gods, heroes, and rituals of the ancient Greeks. Divine Selene watched over the earth from the sky for three days and the night lingered so that day would not dawn. [2], Selene was also called Mene. "[42], According to the Homeric Hymn to Selene, the goddess bore Zeus a daughter, Pandia ("All-brightness"),[43] "exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods". [58] In some later accounts the chariot was drawn by oxen or bulls. [146], Her and her brother's worship is also attested in Gytheum, a town in Laconia near Sparta, via an inscription (C.I.G. "[2][150][151], The ancient Greeks called Monday "day of the Moon" ( ) after her. Along with presiding over dangerous sea creatures, Ceto produced her own set of frightening . [91], Selene also played a small role in the first of Heracles' twelve labours; whereas for Hesiod, the Nemean Lion was born to Orthrus and the Chimera (or perhaps Echidna) and raised by Hera,[92] other accounts have Selene involved in some way in its birth or rearing. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene (/slini/; Greek: pronounced[seln], meaning "Moon"[2]) is the personification of the Moon. Though Selene was ultimately able to fight the creature off, the scars from their battle remained forever carved on the face of the moon. The moon goddess and Artemis were occasionally shown as companions. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene ( / slini /; Greek: pronounced [seln], meaning "Moon" [2]) is the personification of the Moon. For other uses, see, Detail of Selene from a Roman sarcophagus, A winged Selene seems to be unique to this. According to Nonnus, Typhoeus battled Selene by chucking bulls at her, then violently rushing her. The first mention of the moon goddess in Greek mythology was probably in the Homeric Hymns. Selene was not the only lunar goddess of the Greeks. [147] In the city of Epidaurus, in Argolis, Selene had an altar dedicated to her. Was the Griffin a Bird from Greek Mythology? Athena, also spelled Athene, in Greek religion, the city protectress, goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason, identified by the Romans with Minerva. Most famous classical poets describe her beauty as so intriguing that gods and mortals alike could not resist her godly charms. By all accounts, Selene seemed to have played a major role in this war. She was the goddess of the dawn and brought new light to the world every morning. ), The name Selene (Greek , translit. She asks Menippus to report her grievances to Zeus, with the request that Zeus wipes all these natural philosophers from the face of the earth. See esp. Occasionally Selenes chariot was pulled by oxen or bulls, again differentiating it from the faster vehicle of her brother. [100], Diodorus Siculus recorded an unorthodox version of the myth, in which Basileia, who had succeeded her father Uranus to his royal throne, married her brother Hyperion, and had two children, a son Helios and a daughter Selene, "admired for both their beauty and their chastity". [64][65] Those who brought down the Moon were thought to bring ill fortune upon themselves, as evidenced by the proverb ("you are bringing down the Moon on yourself") said for those who caused self-inflicted evils; some witches supposedly avoided this fate by sacrificing their children or their eyeballs. The first depictions of Selenes moon chariot goes back to the early 5th century BCE. Like Artemis, Selene was sometimes called Phoebe, a name that means bright one.. She drives her moon chariot across the heavens. Who was Vesta, the Goddess of the Hearth? [40][41] Furthermore, in Virgil's Aeneid, when Nisus calls upon Selene/the Moon, he addresses her as "daughter of Latona. During the night, Selene would drive her chariot with the moon across the sky. Mene The personification of the months was sometimes an aspect of Selene and sometimes a separate goddess. Selene personified the moon and was one of the Greek goddesses of the night. Selene - The Moon Goddess - Greek Mythology - See U in History Art: Marcus AquinoColor: Rod Fernandes#GreekMythology #Mythology #SeeUinHistory #History #Myth. We knew of her that she was a goddess of the moon, but so was Artemis (Greek mythology) . 2022 Wasai LLC. This was the mythological explanation for the movement of the moon across the sky. While her brother was clad in shining gold, her light was softer and more clear. This article was most recently revised and updated by, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Selene-Greek-and-Roman-mythology, Ancient Origins - Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon. Zeus put Endymion into an eternal sleep so the goddess could see him forever as a beautiful young man. Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. [61], In antiquity, the lunar eclipse phenomena were thought to be caused by witches, particularly the ones from Thessaly, who brought the Moon/Selene down with spells and invocations of magic. Lastly, Selene was said to be the mother of the legendary Greek poet Musaeus,[50] with, according to Philochorus, the father being the legendary seer Eumolpus.[51]. Selene herself most often wore a crown of gleaming silver, which matched her silver chariot. Lunacy takes its name from Selenes Roman counterpart, Luna. One of the most important sources of this myth is in the Greek satirist Lucian of Samosatas Dialogues of the Gods, where Aphrodite and Selene talk about the latters love for Endymion. [1], Selene was often identified with other goddesses, including Men (also spelled Mene), the divine personification of the lunar month; Bendis, a goddess of Thracian origin; Hecate, a goddess of witchcraft; and (especially in later antiquity) Artemis, the goddess of hunting and wild things. [75] Cicero seems to make Selene responsible for Endymion's sleep, so that "she might kiss him while sleeping". [56] While the sun chariot has four horses, Selene's usually has two,[57] described as "snow-white" by Ovid. Her father was the Titan god of heavenly light, while her mother represented the blue color of the sky. Selene was said to have several consorts but the man that the goddess of the moon was most linked with was the mortal Endymion. The animals, however, were almost always shown as pure white regardless of their type. Selene also has several other names. Hesiod, Catalogue of Women frag. The altars to Selene were few and far between. [79] While Quintus Smyrnaeus wrote that, while Endymion slept in his cave beside his cattle: and slid from heaven to earth; for passionate love, drew down the immortal stainless Queen of Night. [59] Though the moon chariot is often described as being silver,[60] for Pindar it was golden. [126] Pausanias also described seeing two stone images in the market-place of Elis, one of the sun and the other of the moon, from the heads of which projected the rays of the sun and the horns of the crescent moon. 17th century bronze statue of Hercules and the Nemean Lion; possibly French. Accessed on 27 Feb. 2023. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene, Avi Kapach is a writer, scholar, and educator who received his PhD in Classics from Brown University. What are Pan God Powers in Greek Mythology? Whatever his profession, the handsome young man frequently slept beneath the open sky. Knowing he would be there whenever she wanted to see him, the goddess no longer worried he would leave or die before she got to see him again. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. Selenes Roman counterpart was called Luna (from the Latin word meaning moon). The Homeric Hymn to Helios uses the same epithet ("bright-tressed"), used in the above Hymn to Selene (elsewhere translated as "rich-", "lovely-", or "well-tressed"),[26] while Epimenides uses the epithet ("lovely-haired"). [7] The Greek word mene, meant the moon, and the lunar month. Hypothesis to the scholia on Pindars Nemean Odes. Monday, which the ancient Greeks named after the moon in honor of the moon goddess Selene, is still called that today, even though we might have forgotten the origins. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). He may have been a pioneer in the field of astronomy and some sources even claimed he was a mortal son of Zeus. Her chariot was made of shining silver, bringing soft, clear light each night. Though Selene had many consorts, the most famous of them was Endymion, a handsome young mortal. Selene, one of the younger generation of Titans, was also the Greek goddess of the moon. The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, Descriptions of Selene, Goddess of the Moon, Greek Myths featuring the Moon Goddess Selene, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? GREEK VASE PAINTINGS GALLERY 1 (86 IMAGES) . Selene is the daughter of Titans Hyperion and Theia. And if Selene and Helios did not work together, as the personifications of the moon and the sun, there would be absolute chaos in the world. [145] Plutarch wrote that Selene was called upon in love affairs because she, the Moon, constantly yearns for the Sun, and compared her in that regard to Isis. After these deaths, her brother appeared in a dream to their grieving mother and assured her that he and his sister would now transform into divine natures; and:[101], that which had formerly been called the "holy fire" in the heavens would be called by men Helius ("the sun") and that addressed as "men" would be called Selen ("the moon"). 3 Most Important Characters in Greek Mythology, 5 Awesome Greek Mythology Fiction Books for Kids, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of Love and Beauty. 260 M-W; Epimenides, FHG 4 frag. [63][66], Selene is best known for her affair with the beautiful mortal Endymion. 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