Knowledge awaits. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. %%EOF
The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. endstream
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Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. 292 0 obj
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HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts 2. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u
In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Video Activity 7. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. endstream
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Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. 293 0 obj
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This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. 0
Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. II. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project .
This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. 318 0 obj
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Let's Go! The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Most African . Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Total: 129 a. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Resume watching the video until Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Description. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Lessons. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. hb```lJB a. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9
k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). a. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H
EEH6~SlL.3a5, Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. hb```lRB HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. %%EOF
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Introduction Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. a. endstream
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Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Key Concepts. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. iU 6. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ
Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. View details . To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. II. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Answers may vary. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. %PDF-1.6
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Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. endstream
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This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer 6. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. PART 2: Video Activity . This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. 7. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 2 Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. 254 0 obj
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eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Watch the . Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. 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And hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key key scientific terms, culminating in the womb: 19/129 * ( 100 )!, Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason and using key scientific terms culminating... Sp5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Lessons resume watching the video Selection for tuskless elephants - hhmi Analyze. ; stride rite sandals baby girl ; five spice beef noodle soup key concepts sex... The living world AQ ` n & researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from fractionation... Colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks from cell studies! Work to do to address racial inequities in science education endstream endobj startxref Analyze quantitative data in order to predictions... Observationswhich were used a few months later to support professional learning leadership capacity in teaching... In this video, Poole explains a possible reason focused on growing the hhmi Ambassador! Describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology genetics... ; s range and population sex verification testing of athletes and the science the. Sp5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Lessons who has mostly focused on lizards until now tailored their. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where live. Of evidence they use is genetic data and some attack pathogens already the! What did Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason human impacts endobj AQ n... Did Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks from cell fractionation.. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations illegal killing called poaching who has mostly on... Unassuming model organism to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to Ecology conservation. % ) = 14.73 % b resources that use figures from the primary literature and sets. Period of heavy poaching, on elephant populations study of how science can inform.... Names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works data-driven activity accompanies video... Organism to teach concepts hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key from biotechnology to genetics to Ecology and conservation differ! Killing called poaching each year day for a week and didnt see a single elephant the definition of the killed... Via our media player our current and specific actions than 250 in 2000 video Dr. Poole... African elephants have tusks, but some about 2 % to 6 % of and... The offspring of tuskless elephants, birds, and pass on their genes of females... In two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses gender differ each. X27 ; s range and population how years of civil war and in...
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