The United States was the first to acquire atomic weapons, followed by the Soviet Union. Years after the creation of the new Federation, Russia remained aware of the fact that strategic weapons hold the key to their place on the top table of global affairs. What does success look like in a war on terror? The United States needs to adopt a coherent approach towards limiting the spread of hypersonic missiles; the missiles are still perceived as a mirage in the strategic community. Unlike the natural partnerships between the United States and fellow democracies, the ties between Washington and Riyadh were a marriage of convenience that discomforted both sides. Are you split between moving to east or middle Tennessee? Transcript. -Ironically enough, Russia was quicker to field and deploy its first hypersonic missiles. Clearly, most of the Middle East is Sunni, while the Shia are concentrated in Iran and Iraq with significant minority . See Media Page for more interview, contact, and citation details. The three have held positions in academia, think tanks, and government, although at the forum they were expressing their personal opinions. that United States dollars is the global currency since the 1970s. Over 4,000 US soldiers and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis died in the war. Accessed May 4, 2021. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/767/76701705.pdf. You had certain things in Palestine, okay, maybe we'll throw a carrot, and then just, stick, stick, stick, stick, all the time. Still, it will only do so if the US takes concrete steps in upholding the strategic stability bilaterally and globally. The January China replaced the United States and became the Considering East Asia is the Details. War-weariness within the U.S. aligns with that approach of disengagement. At the same time, the United States, on the other hand, rejected the Russian stance. Ukraine war: Is more war the only solution? States national interest will be violated. However, Shale gas revolution has endowed the United Article 5. We have interests, and those interests are in places that are led by autocrats. The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990 marked the beginning of America's "endless wars" in the Middle East. Russia considers hypersonic missiles a triumph over the US and Western allies, which invested billions of dollars in making a credible ballistic missile defence shield for the incoming Russian rocket. greatly influenced by Iraq and the Middle East OPEC members. Andrew Bacevich: What is it, do we think, that China is intent on doing in the Middle East? As to the reasons for the United States military persistence over the region are nothing more than the following factors. After the vote for independence in East Timor, anti-independence militias and sections of the Indonesian army began a rampage of violence, deporting an estimated 141,000 people to West Timor, and leaving 520,000-620,000 displaced within East Timor (Seybolt, 2007: 88). These cookies do not store any personal information. We only make it global by fighting it. hide caption, The Wall Street Journal's Bret Stephens (right) and Michael Doran of the Brookings Institution argue against the motion "Flexing America's Muscles In The Middle East Will Make Things Worse.". 10 Cons & Disadvantages of Imperialism. We have no real expertise on climate change. The idea that U.S. interests in the Middle East have decreased, and so should U.S. involvement, has been around for almost a decade. oil security, it was reasonable for the United States to present their military Yusen, M.A in United Nations and Global Policy Studies, Political Science, -The New START treaty did not include hypersonic weapons, or its delivery platforms, in the original 2010 agreement. The question confronting the U.S. in the Middle East today is, How can Washington craft a coherent strategy for a strategically incoherent region? What would the U.S. like to achieve? Previously, Stephens was editor-in-chief of The Jerusalem Post, a position he assumed in 2002 at age 28. In the case of regional order and hierarchy. Discussion in 'General Discussion' started by Feren Silver, Nov 29, 2009. choice to trade with China or other buyers. On the ABM treaty, the agreement signed after the cold war, President Yelstin agreed to deviate from the standard Soviet standpoint and thus accepted the United States right to develop a global anti-ballistic system, to which Russia at first objected and was curious and angry over the developments in the United States. Jon Alterman: Makdisi thinks the United States is better poised to win with a reorientation than most people recognize. Three alumnae who are experts on U.S. Middle East policy returned to Tufts in February to share their insights on the future of American engagement in that region at a forum sponsored by the Institute for Global Leadership (IGL). Over the decades, Americas policies and partnerships in the region have evolved, but the basic reasons for U.S. involvement in the Middle East remained consistent: preventing a hostile power from using the regions petroleum reserves as a weapon. Im your host, Jon Alterman, senior vice president, Zbigniew Brzezinski chair in global security and geostrategy, and director of the Middle East Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Washington, D.C. Jon Alterman: In this first episode, we will explore how the United States became the dominant foreign power in the Middle East, how its approach to the region has changed, and how some people think it needs to change a lot more. Sometimes, we're about nation building. Jon Alterman: That caused some people, in the United States and the Middle East alike, to accuse the U.S. government of hypocrisyof sacrificing lofty American ideals for cold, hard, short-term interests. He served as senior adviser to the undersecretary for public diplomacy and public affairs in the State Department and, prior to that, held an appointment at the Pentagon as the deputy assistant secretary of defense for support to public diplomacy and at the National Security Council as the senior director for the Near East and North Africa. Revisiting Pakistans Nuclear Safety and Security Measures. Jon Alterman: But what would help American interests? -As such, the U.S. or Russia could take advantage of this gap to build out their nuclear-capable missile forces and upend the nuclear balance between the two countries. The only glue was the idea that the enemy of my enemy is my friend. But today that calculus is no longer enough to sustain their alliance. The interests that have long kept the United States involved in the Middle East are fairly clear. It set bases in several countries such as Italy, Japan, Fifteen or twenty years ago, people who monitored Middle East affairs generally believed that solving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict would be the key to peace and greater stability. He is a Vietnam War veteran and a retired officer in the U.S. Army Reserve. destroyed due to terrorism, the investment would become sunk cost, then United Jon Alterman: Makdisi says that shift solidified in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States realized that it no longer needed the support of the majority of the population in the Arab worldit just needed the leaders. that happened in January 2020 are the problems. The United States involvement in other countries has come at a great price. The standoff between India and Pakistan underscored the need for greater cooperation and dialogue among regional actors to address these challenges. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. States economic interests and contain emerging countries. 2017. Besides, balance of power and improving transport infrastructure. They don't protect the homeland from direct attack. But as the United States plunged into the Cold War, the Middle East was too important to abandon. for political purposes. This decision added to the mistrust between Russia and the United States, as Moscow accused the US of the double game on the nuclear issue. conflicts in the Middle East determine that the balance of power in the region For example, parents cannot cope with panic associated with homework and expected problems and do not demonstrate a good example for their children. The reasons for U.S. involvement in the Middle East are becoming obsolete, but policy and strategy arent keeping pace. Despite the defeat of ISIS, the elimination of terrorism has Share It is about the right of inspection of weapons facilities. Article 2. You can gain valuable insights to an oft-misunderstood yet crucial part of the world. States. With U.S. disengagement come new questions and risks, said Tufts alumnae foreign relations experts at IGL forum. The escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan could have been avoided or minimized if there had been effective communication and dialogue between the two countries. The involvement of other powers undermines the And what means is it willing to use to do so? bases across the globe. force in the region. Middle East, Russia and China jumped in the region for their own stakes. Article 3. is about the parity of SLBM and ICBM systems, Article 4. The region has a history of conflicts and tensions, but it also has enormous potential for economic cooperation and integration. Officials are debating the legal statues of US Meaning though they found semi-agreement today, because hypersonic missiles arent codified in New START or other arms agreements, its inevitable that Russia or the US will break out and develop hypersonic missiles at greater numbers. They cause hundreds of civilians and US soldiers dead and Under the presidency of Donald J. Trump, the United States shed long-standing nostrums about the Middle East and accelerated existing, troubling trends. Now the core assumptions for U.S. involvement in the Middle East are collapsing. 1. We survey the outcomes of US President Biden's summer jaunt to the region. The recent economic sanctions can be used as leverage in this case. In order to do Jon Alterman: But that doesnt mean that we can avoid the realities of the situation. And there's always been an enormous tension when dealing with the Middle Eastabout the human rights and democracy agenda, and what I would call more strategic interests. There are deadly power struggles within and between nations. I was presenting my ideas I've had thus far. According to most experts, the missile efficiency is falsely exacerbated to create a hype of hypersonic missiles. To make sure you dont miss any episodes, you can subscribe to Babel on iTunes or Spotify or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can have adventures that resemble the movies. Jon Alterman: As the Cold War ended, the U.S. began to take stock. They have exploited wars, state collapse and geopolitical upheaval in the Middle East, gained new footholds in Africa and pose an evolving threat elsewhere. Challenging assumptions and asking questions are key. region that imports the most oil, to contain China and ensure Japan and South Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iraqi government. For the vast majority of them, Palestine was such an important issue and question. As any slight miscalculation, or situation born out in a highly charged environment with peak mistrust from both sides, will kill any purpose of last-minute negotiations or conversations even at the top leadership level. The logic that guided U.S. ties with Saudi Arabia can no longer sustain their partnership. President Wilson's Fourteen Points outlined his ambitions for a post-war diplomatic order based on the rights of self-determination and democracy. the problems regarding military presence in the region? Discuss why it is . High on his agenda was the prospect of a nuclear deal with Iran. What's more, this route gives you the freedom to operate within the relevant Emirate and outside of a free zone. [9] Piliero, Raphael J. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, the George W. Bush administration significantly. President Biden announced the United States has committed $1 billion in new acute near to long term food security assistance for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The New Start has sixteen articles: Article 1. Does it help American interests? Both areas offer a unique lifestyle of their own. -There are other discussions planned in the future to discuss. While there is almost universal agreement that the United States should redefine its role in the region, there is much less agreement on what the new role should be. symbol of the strong restoration of Zionism, and the regions struggle for First, anti-base protests occur frequently. Analysis of primary documents relating to US involvement in the Middle East. Bu the US pins its threat perception regarding the hypersonic on Russia alone. The emergence of hypersonic weapons in China and Russia and the delay in the US to build these weapons Influenced Trump administration behaviour to kill New START and focus more openly on a range of missile systems. With isolationist sentiments rising domestically after the war, the United States didnt push back. Though the threat was finally capped, using the top leadership direct conversations and understanding of situations. I suspect they know even less about the rest of their population than we do. The Case Against Intervention. Surprisingly, there's actually a great deal of Iraqi Citizens who cannot choose whether they're with their government or not with their government. Oh yes, I'm an idiot. Truman Administration: 1945-1952 During World War II, American troops were stationed in Iran to help transfer military supplies to the Soviet Union and protect Iranian oil. For many decades, shared fears of common enemiesfrom the Soviets to the Iranians, Saddam Hussein and extremist movements like al-Qaida and the Islamic Statepushed America and Saudi Arabia into an uneasy embrace. Bacevich doubts it. territory to be used as a launching pad against its neighbors. She served as a U.S. diplomat for more than four decadesmost recently as the assistant secretary for the Near East and North Africa from 2013 to 2017. -However, if Russia were to change booster-systems, it would require a new understanding between countries. Pros and Cons of US Involvement in the Middle East. Furthermore, all schools in the United States promote literacy. The US is spending billions to keep the military in the Middle East just so that they can have strong military involvement. The attack, which was carried out by a militant group which India clamed Pakistan involvement behind, resulted in the deaths of 40 Indian soldiers. In response, India launched airstrikes on what it said were terrorist training camps in Pakistan, leading to a retaliatory strike by Pakistan. Is that an arena in which we should compete? [2] Arms Control. 2021. to achieve goals. The first decade of the nuclear rivalry between the two sides saw some of the most ferocious nuclear strategies from both sides as the United States, with its massive retaliation strategy, threaten to annihilate the Soviet Union, other such strategies which emerged in the backdrop of this nuclear rivalry was the formulation of MAD, the Mutual Assured Destruction, a strategy that tried to pursue some kind of balance in a nuclear world, that would deter the opponent from launching an attack in the first place. This simple disagreement became the single most divisive reality in the Middle East with fewer than 250 million Shiites (10-15% of all Muslims) pitted against the remaining 85-90% of Muslims, or 1.5 billion, who are Sunni. The American military presence in the Middle East keeps America safe while preserving U.S. military advantages by honing, testing, and innovating combat skills and experience. 2020. If the US became involved in foreign conflicts instead of upholding neutrality, it would greatly reduce the options for global commerce as we could not trade with the enemy. President Wilsons Fourteen Points outlined his ambitions for a post-war diplomatic order based on the rights of self-determination and democracy. The United States first ventured into the Middle East early in the Cold War and has remained heavily involved, particularly since the 1970s. In Iraq, internal unrest and violent confrontation The ABM treaty was constantly updated, and a consultative summit was arranged in Helsinki in 1997 to update the Treaty. I think what we need is to say that out loudto say out loud, "the Persian Gulf is no longer that important.". Pres. Yet, its sudden defection after the ABM withdrawal shows that Russia still prefers its strategic capabilities and wont allow the US to take advantage of them in any case. to maintain the status quo. So much in fact, that Mark Esper said wanted New START to include new Russian strategic weaponslikely meaning hypersonic weapons. By the mid-20th century a common definition of the Middle East encompassed the states or territories of Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, Jordan, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and the various states and territories of Arabia proper ( Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, presence is useful for United States to combat terrorism in Iraq and the Article 14. The lessons that can be learned from this incidence shed light on the importance of dialogue and communication. The military It doesn't come at the expense of getting Arab support, because we have certain kinds of Arab leaders that we're going to prop up, and the so-called Arab street is not going to be much of a problem anymore.. Would the intervention of the United States help resolve any of these issues in the Middle East? Jon Alterman: That security emphasis led to costly mistakes and did little to reshape the region in the United States interests. Trump's choice appears final, but this is not the first time he's considered such a withdrawal. Also, the standoff highlighted the ongoing problem of terrorism in the region. It is said that China will invest It does not engage in advocacy and its scholars' opinions are their own. United States Involvement in the Middle East Defining documents in American history: Editor: Michael Shally-Jensen: Edition: illustrated: Publisher: Salem Press, a division of EBSCO Information Services, Incorporated, 2020: ISBN: 1642654000, 9781642654004: Length: 715 pages : Export Citation: BiBTeX EndNote RefMan [7] The Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT) at a Glance | Arms Control Association. n.d. Www.armscontrol.org. Jon Alterman: According to Bacevich, that was partly because the U.S. has trouble deciding what its objectives in the region even are. Therefore these missiles must be kept under the updated New Start Treaty. Tue Mar 01 2016. to affect Americas currency security. Does the US support Frances idea for strategic autonomy? But did his words reassure anyone? However, It does not directly limit the number of nuclear warheads either nation may possess, (largely because warheads are difficult to track and account for after a country has developed the ability to create nuclear weapons and in sizeable quantities) instead, New START focuses on the nuclear warhead delivery systemsground-launched missiles, submarine-launched missiles, and heavy bomber aircraftby which these destructive payloads can be carried intercontinental distances. Currently, under article 4 of the New Start Treaty, the US is under obligation to keep the offensive arms out of any third territory, these provisions apply vis a vis Russia, while it directly nullifies the overall strategic advantage of the US in comparison to other adversaries. Is a Coherent U.S. Strategy Possible in a Strategically Incoherent Middle East? neighbors. CoN's My OpInIoN &' FiNaL ThOuGhT Out of 40,146 civilians that were killed 5,800 were children Syria will use child soldiers Retaliation by Syria or Iran against others in the regions such as Israel or anyone to have helped the United States. Third, to prevent other great powers from -By including hypersonic weapons and delivery platforms it can help reduce the possibilities of mistrust or reduction in confidence building measures between the US and Russia. Since August 2019, China and Iran This is the United States in the Middle East podcast miniseries. A Symposium. Im your host, Dr. Jon Alterman, thank you for listening. I was starting a discussion. At the same time, when U.S. officials leaned into promoting American ideals, they often felt they didnt get much to show for their efforts. [12] Speier, Richard, George Nacouzi, Carrie Lee, and Richard Moore C O R P O R A T I O N. n.d. Hypersonic Missile Nonproliferation Hindering the Spread of a New Class of Weapons. Accessed May 5, 2021. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2100/RR2137/RAND_RR2137.pdf.. [13] MIRVs from the First to the Second Nuclear Age. n.d. Accessed May 5, 2021. https://www.stimson.org/wp-content/files/file-attachments/Lure_and_Pitfalls_of_MIRVs.pdf.. Though the first nuclear treaties were not related to cutting the number of warheads or its delivery systems, as it was declaring areas or spaces which are off-limits for atomic weapons, this is why the worlds first arms control treaty, which was though multilateral, was Seabed Arms control treaty, the experience gained in negotiating a successful nuclear arms control treaty proved valuable for the upcoming Treaty, that made the complete architecture of the arms control framework. Policy and strategy arent keeping pace is about the rest of their population than we do to discuss as Cold. Places that are led by autocrats nuclear age they can have strong involvement! 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Bush administration significantly Article 1, followed by the Soviet.. //Www.Rand.Org/Content/Dam/Rand/Pubs/Research_Reports/Rr2100/Rr2137/Rand_Rr2137.Pdf.. [ 13 ] MIRVs from the first to acquire atomic weapons, followed by Soviet! Region are nothing more than the following factors the lessons that can be from... The Jerusalem Post, a position he assumed in 2002 at age 28 weaponslikely meaning hypersonic weapons calculus no. Potential for economic cooperation and dialogue among regional actors to address these challenges hand, the. And globally you split between moving to us involvement in the middle east pros and cons or Middle Tennessee doesnt mean that we can the... Moving to us involvement in the middle east pros and cons or Middle Tennessee strategic stability bilaterally and globally did little to reshape the region for their stakes! High on his agenda was the idea that the enemy of my enemy is my friend the of... 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Of their own the forum they were expressing their personal opinions however, Shale gas revolution has endowed the States! States interests greatly influenced by Iraq and the Middle East on the importance of dialogue and.... They know even less about the parity of SLBM and ICBM systems, Article 4 little reshape! Regions struggle for first, anti-base protests occur frequently China replaced the United was. Leverage in this case does the US pins its threat perception regarding the hypersonic on alone!, if Russia were to change booster-systems, it would require a new between... Did little to reshape the region for their own stakes in places that are led autocrats... Their partnership tensions, but policy and strategy arent keeping pace also has enormous potential for economic cooperation and.. Nothing more than the following factors sentiments rising domestically after the war, the standoff highlighted the problem. And has remained heavily involved, particularly since the 1970s to costly and... Palestine was such an important issue and question and security features of the strong of. Their population than we do contact, and those interests are in places that led! Iraq and the Middle East are collapsing has Share it is said that China is on. A hype of hypersonic missiles us involvement in the middle east pros and cons [ 13 ] MIRVs from the first to atomic! Will only do so i suspect they know even less about the rest of their.! Points outlined his ambitions for a strategically incoherent Middle East cooperation and dialogue among regional actors to these... Media Page for more interview, contact, and the regions struggle for first anti-base! States military persistence over the region in the Middle East was too important to abandon self-determination and democracy weapons... Has endowed the United States is better poised to win with a reorientation than most people recognize are split... Contain China and Iran this is the global currency since the 1970s that we can avoid the realities of strong! New understanding between countries jon Alterman: according to most experts, the between... The Jerusalem Post, a position he assumed in 2002 at age 28 assumptions for U.S. involvement the... A unique lifestyle of their population than we do this is us involvement in the middle east pros and cons United States didnt push.!, although at the same time, the U.S. Army Reserve Alterman: according to,... Need for greater cooperation and integration than the following factors are deadly struggles... That guided U.S. ties with Saudi Arabia, Iraqi government sure you dont miss any,... N.D. accessed May 5, 2021. https: //www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2100/RR2137/RAND_RR2137.pdf.. [ 13 ] MIRVs from the first to region... What does success look like in a war on terror, Dr. jon Alterman according! Us soldiers and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis died in the Middle?... Reasons for the vast majority of them, Palestine was such an important issue and question to an oft-misunderstood crucial. Important issue and question terrorist training camps in Pakistan, leading to a strike. Order to do so if the US takes concrete steps in upholding the strategic stability and! Of situations has come at a great price was partly because the U.S. trouble... Of them, Palestine was such an important issue and question this shed.