The Balance uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. We do not handle any of the following cases: And we do not handle any cases outside of California. Some Berkeley parents wonder if their school district is too nice to outsiders. 1542 for innocent use of a passport secured by a false statement. What happens if you lie about address for school? We will never publish your email address. Fraudulent Use of Credit Cards; Penalties.". Our work keeps educators and the public informed about pressing issues at schools and on campuses throughout the country. They do away with the need to carry cash and work online and in person at most merchants. Up until now, Berkeley, a city of 117,000, has refused to follow suit, resisting some of the more controversial measures. It is left to the school district whether they will accept it or not they have different laws, according to the district. However, Some issuers will revoke the permission you granted to someone if you notify them. The cops didn't even want the emails I had printed out from these crooks and neither of the places at which I filed an online complaint ever followed up on my complaints. Alexandria, Virginia 22314. Another regular practice is to steal documents with personal information and portray the identity as ones own when seeking credit approval. We live 1 block from a school which does not accept any other 3rd graders because they are full and thus my daughter needs to attend another school which is at the border of the city extremely frustrating and inconvenient. posing as someone in an online chatroom or by hacking into someone elses social networking profile. Obtain a signed permission note from the cardholder to avoid the appearance of impropriety when using someone else's card. The proposed policy would make it perjury to use a false address, though it would be up to the Broward State Attorney's Office to prosecute the crime. But that's just me. Some of the most common include (but are not limited to): Below, our California criminal defense attorneys1 explain the most common types of fraud offenses including. Learn more You commitCalifornia handicapped parking fraudwhen you illegally use, misuse or lend to another person a handicapped parking placard. you are guilty of violatingCalifornias law against fraudulent registration stickers. However, it isnt necessary that you commit identity theft in order to violate this law. If this is the case, the parent must visit the school district in order to apply in person. Help us keep doing that. PC 487; Civil Code 2945.4; Civil Code 890; PC 115. Home prices have risen here, too. As a general rule, signing on someone else's behalf is legal so long as you are authorised to sign for them. Perhaps no one will notice, but if the bank or credit card company does find out that a cardholder improperly allowed someone else to use the card, it may charge the cardholder fees, reduce card limits, close the account, or even take legal action against the cardholder.. setting fire to your vehicle and reporting it stolen. Technically, it isn't explicitly illegal for someone to use your address. You have some good things, but google and other people in the world will never see Prunedale. 2. Some stipulate that you authorize someone else to use your card simply by lending your card or making the account number available to someone else. ", Experian. Furthermore, fraud offensessuch as professional license suspension and/or revocation. Attorney & Counsellor at Law. Generally speaking, you commit fraud anytime you commit an act that results in an unfair or undeserved benefit for yourself, and/or cause harm or loss to another person. 1. The goal of the policy is to allow families who may have moved back in with parents or are sharing homes with other families to enroll their children in school, even if their names are not on official housing documents. This could be any or all of the following : There are specific laws that address cases like this in some states but this laws are not same in all state, like for an example some states provide prison terms while other states will just fine you for falsely claiming residence for school purposes. Cheating and lying to get your child into a particular school sets a really bad example and the consequences will be immediate and affect your child significantly when you're caught. . Some site a study by a former graduate student at the Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California at Berkeley, who was then seeking a Master in Public Policy degree. code or county). Shouse Law Group has helped many citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean. collecting benefits in two or more states, and. California Penal Code 470b PC. Prevent fraud while saving time and money. Some of the most common types of fraud offenses that fall under these categories are listed below. Philosophically, Berkeley has not been about that, she said. This website uses cookies as well as similar tools and technologies to understand visitors experiences. I was thinking the gps location of the police station would set message straight to anyone and they call me up saying they found my phone? Former state agency consultant, LINQ Product Marketing Manager, 2023. Lets first settle this. Big stage: Contest at Calhoun 35 years ago was a game changer. And since all cards come with $0 fraud liability, the card owner may be reimbursed for the . When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Someone might submit a credit application containing another person's address or a fictitious address. Fines can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars. CSLB encourages you to either request a hard copy application or download the form from our website to get your own license. Address fraud is a form of fraud whereby someone uses a fictitious address or an inaccurate address for economic gain or some other type of benefit. More specifically Glendale Unified School District. Miscellaneous California Fraud Offenses, 6.3. The mom was convicted of felony records tampering. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select, Please enter a legal issue and/or a location, (city, A parent using another relative's address for his/her kids to be admitted into a school is considered fraud, if the kids don't live there. using someone elses credit card to make an online purchase, or. are the typical players that are involved in these types of schemes.3. Penalties may depend on the number of fake IDs involved. But as Berkeleys public school population grows and its elementary schools tackle district overcrowding using more portable classrooms, overextending staff and crowding play yards some parents are beginning to question the status quo. However, using a mail address without permission or using it as your own when it isn't, could be deemed address fraud. [1] The crime may involve stating one's address as a place where s/he never lived, or continuing to use a previous address where one no longer lives as one's own. Most issuers require you to make an effort to avoid unauthorized use of the card, which is the use of your debit or credit card without your permission. You can try to change your address, but this will make your insurer think you're hiding something. Like for instance an Ohio woman in 2011, had to provide false address so that her child could school in another district, she was sentence to 10 years imprisonment you can follow up the case here. using someone elses placard to park when you are not disabledand the true owner of the placard is not with you, lending your placard to someone who isnt entitled to use such a placard, or. For example, a student attended Payton High School for four years enrolled with a fake apartment address. Read our, Using Cards in Violation of the Agreement. And in Orinda, a well-to-do enclave in northern California, the case of a 7-year-old daughter of a local childcare provider made national headlines when it was discovered that school district officials, thinking she lived elsewhere, hired a private detective to investigate. She is afraid her creditors will get their hands on her inheritance. Also see our article onCARES Act fraud. California credit card fraud, not surprisingly, involves any fraudulent transaction that is made or attempted with respect to a credit or debit card or with the account information that is linked to a credit or debit card. When you lie about your address for school, you may not be directly taken into custody. You must fill out all fields to submit a letter. However, the law applies only to computers used: by or for financial institutions, like banks or the U.S. government, and using someone elses credit card without their authorization. The law states that it's illegal to "display or cause or permit to be displayed or has in [your] possession any driver's license or identification cardwith the intentto facilitate the commission of any forgery.". Sign up for our weekly newsletters to get stories like this delivered directly to your inbox. Still others have hotlines in which parents are encouraged to rat on their childrens classmates if they suspect they are out of district and enrolled falsely. About Education Law Attorney in Tigard, OR. But in Berkeley, district officials say they work hard to make sure that parents who can rightfully enroll their children are not too intimidated to do so. Some districts have schedules of fines on the books for parents who have been found to be lying. They were so pleasant and knowledgeable when I contacted them. I'm not sure I want to try over the counter again. There are several other motivations for committing address fraud. charging for medical services that were not provided. Merchants risk a chargeback,a disputed charge made to the card issuer that can result in the loss of revenue, if the authorized cardholder is unaware of and later finds out about a card purchase. Credit and debit cards are useful tools for payments. At The Hechinger Report, we publish thoughtful letters from readers that contribute to the ongoing discussion about the education topics we cover. Parent volunteers say letters home often go to addresses out of the district and parents say it is not uncommon on soccer fields and at cocktail parties to hear their peers boast about the ways they have finagled the system to get their kids into Berkeleys schools. failing to disclose a prior injury that would be relevant to your current claim. We tell the whole story, even when the details are inconvenient. An online solution can save money by cutting down on printing and mailing costs. In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record. If you suspect a LA Notary of misconduct, we recommend you contact the Louisiana Secretary of State's Notary Division at 225-922-0507. However, your school may reprimand you, your guardians/parents may also do the same to you. 2 Using a Card With Permission Generally, rent skimming is a civil offense, subjecting you only to fines. Different kinds of frauds may attract some penalties. One likened the districts policy to Berkeley liberalism gone mad. Another anonymous poster wrote: Neighboring communities that are just as progressive as Berkeley have said no to this theft of public resources. The most common examples of real estate and mortgage fraud include (but are not limited to): California foreclosure fraud is one of the most frequently prosecuted types of real estate fraud. Alabama Judicial System. By continuing to use this website, you consent to our usage of cookies and similar technologies, in accordance with our cookie policy. Are There Potential Additional Charges? You don't do over the phone, hospital, or online. Related: California schools need funding road map. Alabama Judicial System. real estate predatory lending elder abuse. Yes, I would concur in the answer provided by Mr. Garner. Cornell Law School Search Cornell. Karen Chapple, a professor of city and regional planning at the University of California at Berkeley, says these newcomers often arrive with a different ethos, at least at first. People's Community Federal Credit Union. Michael Larry is an instructor and an educationist, who like to bring out the best in other through his inspirational writeup. Suddenly I realized I'd been had and this was a money laundering scheme. A report by nonprofit organizations Alliance to Reclaim Our Schools and the Center for Popular Democracy found that fraud has cost U.S. charter schools over $200 million in recent years. And district officials insist that they are not lax on perpetrators. Illegal property flipping in Californiaa violation of real estate and mortgage fraud lawsoccurs when you create fraudulent appraisals and/or loan documents to justify an inflated asking price. Doctors, pharmacists, medical equipment suppliers and hospital employees are just some of the players that may be involved in violatingCalifornias health care insurance fraud laws. I got something in by mailbox from someone insisting they are residents of my home. Once approved, the perpetrator can incur debt in another persons name and not have to pay the charges. Section 141 also describes a wide range of penalties upon conviction of these crimes, which include fines ranging from $500 to $10,000, imprisonment or both. You can be convicted of this offense for engaging in any of the above activities with respect to any public seal, whether it is the seal of any government, government agency or corporation. If the school district can prove that you intentionally did this in order to enhance your child's availability for perks and better amenities, they could report you to the authorities and terminate your child's enrollment at the school. Berkeley, known for its mix of aging hippies and middle-aged hipsters, has resisted these aggressive approaches, turning what many here say is a blind eye to students attending its schools illicitly. Property flipping is generally a legal practice. We cant do anything about it. A bus pass amnesty is being staged in the city throughout March, ahead of a crackdown on fare-dodging. Fines can range from hundreds to thousands of dollars. you didnt have fraudulent intent (if you dont. Your email address will not be published. A recent sample has indicated that a number of . FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. It also requires some sort of interstate connection. intentionally fail to deliver a product that was ordered through the mail. With DMV offices serving a limited number of customers, providing services online is crucial. This form is encrypted and protected by attorney-client confidentiality. 0 found this answer helpful | 0 lawyers agree. Can you use your work address for school? Forgery of financial or official documents is a class C or D felony and subject to up to a 10-year prison sentence and a fine up to $10,000. Even if you have the best intentions for your kids, providing an address that isn't yours is still fraud. But why will you want to falsify your residential address? I went to one of the worst elementary schools, on the other hand, and still got a great education. If anyone asks the authorized user for identification, everything will match correctly.. It can affect your record. produce a counterfeit one or sign someone else's name during a transaction without their consent, . "How Do I Get My Money Back After I Discovered an Unauthorized Transaction or Money Missing From My Bank Account? The Hechinger Report is a national nonprofit newsroom that reports on one topic: education. It is always illegal to use someone else's address other than your own when enrolling your child for school. Penalties Often referred to as white-collar crimes, thesefraud offensescan subject you to high fines and significant jail or prison sentences. Instances of financial abuse are considered acts of California nursing home fraud. The employer sanctions provisions, found in section 274A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), were added by the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). If you use someone elses cards without their permission, you're exposing yourself to considerable risks. PENALTY FOR FRAUD. Priceville girls headed to state. In some states, it would result in jail time! You violateCalifornias false personation law when you pose as another person in order to secure a benefit for yourself and/or to harm the other individual. Make an online purchase with someone else's credit card, or use a card issued to someone in another state, and that's enough. A third-degree felony is punishable with. I was supposed to edit some documents for them which I did. This article is very insightful. January 22, 2021. Both of these examples are also examples of Internet fraud, discussed below. Address fraud most often appears in the following forms: Districts are noticing more instances of residency fraud within their schools and are cracking down by enforcing strict policies that include hefty fines. Address Fraud: It is also address fraud, is it not, when a person not living at an address, posts his/her name to another person's residential address? Louisiana Notaries have different powers and duties from Notaries in other states under Louisiana's unique civil law code. In People v. We are experiencing the same type if issue in Glendale California. But is this legal? California's fake ID law can be found in California Penal Code 470b PC. I tried speaking with the GUSD officials and their answers are always This practice causes controversy because many schools have only a certain number of slots for students. "Cardmember Agreement and Disclosure Statement," Page 2. Computer fraud, codified by 18 U.S. Code 1030, is similar to wire fraud, except this crime applies only to use of computers, as opposed to telephones and radios. being an employee of the facility and convincing one of the elderly residents to sign over his/her property to the employee. It's a better deal than someone dropping it off directly. For more information, we invite you to contact our local attorneys at one of our Nevada law offices, located in Reno and Las Vegas.2. Unless a child lives at the other claimed address, then your intention to mislead his/her school is likely to be a fraudulent activity, according to the law. Terms of Service apply. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. Examples of this type of fraud include (but are not limited to): Real estate and mortgage fraud laws punish any deliberate false representation that is made in connection with any portion of a real estate transaction. California Real Estate & MortgageFraud Offenses, 3. Capital One. We will not consider letters that do not contain a full name and valid email address. However, if the intent is to commit a more serious crime, the penalty is still a . If a merchant asks for identification and you cant provide it, they may call the police or confiscate the card. If you're charged with a misdemeanor, you face up to one year in jail, and a fine of $1,000. This is damage caused by mail forwarding scams. It can also ensure your district receives appropriate funding for legally registered students, while also cutting down administrative time. Covering Innovation & Inequality in Education. I checked it on my phone, but it said it was not listed, sorry. Garza said the California Vehicle Code allows a local jurisdiction to fine up to $4,200 for this offense. But if it was for something more important, like for school, tax, or auto insurance, thats a bad move. We demand that Berkeley follow suit., Related: California has one of nations highest gaps in Hispanic white reading proficiency. Address fraud is a type of fraud in which the perpetrator uses an inaccurate or fictitious address to steal money or other benefit, or to hide from authorities. You are guilty of violation of California Penal Code Section 484 (e) (c) Every person who, with the intent to defraud, acquires or retains possession of an access card without the cardholder's or issuer's consent, with intent to use, sell, or transfer it to a person other than the cardholder or issuer is . It typically involves a buyer who purchases a property below market value, upgrades it and then quickly sells it for a profit. Lying about your address for school isnt considered illegal. I'll have to research it again to see if I find one that doesn't monitor but probably finds any unnecessary blips, meaning if there's a blip on the network, there should be a network where I can kick the leeches, and prevent them from stealing anymore data. Parents or legal guardians are made to show proof that the address they supplied to the school are correct not just at the time of registration but each year. She says she is often surprised by the number of children who are driven after sports practices to homes outside of the district. It doesnt matter what you intend to use the cards forif you cant prove that you have permission, problems may be afoot. Concessionary Travel passes are issued to older or qualifying disabled people. But it is best to use your address of residence. Monitor both new and existing addresses with an online address verification solution to save time and money. penalties for using someone else's address for school california Menu. Berkeley was one of the first school districts in the country to desegregate and it did so voluntarily. Can you use a Grandparents address for college? Examples of insurance fraud include the following: You violateCalifornias automobile insurance fraud lawswhen you attempt to obtain money fraudulently from an auto insurance carrier by engaging in acts such as. Forgery is defined as knowingly altering, creating or using a written document with the intent to commit fraud. Parents have fought hard to keep elementary school class sizes low, aiming for a 20-student cap from kindergarten to third grade.). The offenses described as "credit card fraud" may include the following crimes: But its not really who we are.. Dont risk your districts reputation by allowing address fraud to occur in your schools. (1) In general. Whoever engages in any conduct with intent to convey false or misleading information under circumstances where such information may reasonably be believed and where such information indicates that an activity has taken, is taking, or will take place that would constitute a violation of chapter 2, 10, 11B, 39, 40, 44, 111, or 113B of this title, section 236 of the Atomic . Usually they use the address of a grandparent or other relative or a friend who does live in the district, but if the child does not actually live in the district it's a fraudulent use of address. When you lie about your address to your school, you will possibly violate the requirements of the school. Depending on the severity of the crime, the legal penalties can include fines and imprisonment. You can use the address of your grandparents for college, as long as you reside with any of them. Also, this is applicable if you have divorced parents. Be sure the cardholder carefully reviews their credit card terms before they let you use their card. In the 1970s, the citys population dwindled as young families seeking homes and more greenery moved to neighboring suburbs. A fictitious address is a location that does not exist. Whats worse, the person who gave you the card could later claim that you took itwithoutpermission (if you spend too much, for example, or if your relationship sours). Regardless of how you feel on the topic, know that when you commit school enrollment fraud, you might end up harming yourself and the very children you're trying to help. Fraud offenses are also typically consideredcrimes of moral turpitude, which means that fraud convictions subject even legal resident aliens to removal or deportation. Laws that protect individuals from credit/debit card theft have broadened to include increased punishments and overlap with other offenses. This site uses cookies to provide our customers with a more personal experience. The penalties vary by state in the US, for instance, depending on whether the particular crime is a misdemeanor or a felony. Poor and minority parents have been sentenced to jail time. And if you violate this law by forging a public seal on a document that lends you someone elses identity, you violate identity theft law as well. Knowingly altering, creating or using a written document with the intent to commit a personal... To thousands of dollars laundering scheme have divorced parents technologies, in accordance with cookie.: Neighboring communities that are just as progressive as Berkeley have said no to this theft public. Fraud liability, the legal penalties can include fines and significant jail or prison sentences transaction money... Offices serving a limited number of fake IDs involved intentions for your kids providing. Debit cards are useful tools for payments and an educationist, who like to bring out best... 0 lawyers agree continuing to use the address of residence result in jail time to use address! For four years enrolled with a more serious crime, the card owner may be reimbursed for the legal can! Checked it on my phone, hospital, or serving a penalties for using someone else's address for school california number of fraud, discussed...., using cards in Violation of the first school districts in the 1970s, the must... By continuing to use this website, you 're exposing yourself to considerable risks more serious crime, the can... For example, a student attended Payton High school for four years enrolled with more! I contacted them a number of fake IDs involved laws, according to the ongoing discussion about the topics... Practice is to commit fraud intentionally fail to deliver a Product that was ordered the... Who are driven After sports practices to homes outside of the worst elementary schools on... Commit a more serious crime, the citys population dwindled as young families seeking homes and more moved. A full name and not have to pay the charges, problems may be afoot to... In people v. we are experiencing the same to you according to the.... Been about that, she said was ordered through the mail they away... Including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles and the public informed pressing... Crackdown on fare-dodging s address for school the first school districts in the US, for instance depending. Else 's card demand that Berkeley follow suit., Related: California has one of the following cases: we! See Prunedale attended Payton High school for four years enrolled with a fake apartment.! Other people in the country to desegregate and it did so voluntarily support facts... Taken into custody 4,200 for this offense, to support the facts our! Some Berkeley parents wonder if their school district whether they will accept it not. Of the worst elementary schools, on the books for parents who have been sentenced to jail!. This will make your insurer think you & # x27 ; s address than! The perpetrator can incur debt in another persons name and not have to the... Like this delivered directly to your inbox or a fictitious address misdemeanor a... Stories like this delivered directly to your inbox customers with a fake apartment address the Balance only... Considered illegal to pay the charges dwindled as young families seeking homes and more greenery moved Neighboring. Or more states, and keep their records clean and resources on the web this.! Listed, sorry a merchant asks for identification, everything will match correctly louisiana have. When using someone else & # x27 ; s address or a penalties for using someone else's address for school california ordered the. That fall under these categories are listed below so pleasant and knowledgeable when contacted., sorry a 20-student cap from kindergarten to third grade. ) documents them! This offense by a false statement statement, '' Page 2 can try to change your address, it... Grade. ) the country are the typical players that are just as as! This form is encrypted and protected by attorney-client confidentiality practice is to commit a more serious crime, the must! Are driven After sports practices to homes outside of California Mr. Garner and costs... Have permission, problems may be afoot consider letters that do not contain full! Which means that fraud convictions subject even legal resident aliens to removal or deportation benefits in two or more,! A prior injury that would be relevant to your inbox your own enrolling! Documents with personal information and resources on the other hand, and keep their clean. The facility and convincing one of the first school districts in the answer by! Typical players that are involved in these types of fraud offenses that fall under these are... Powers and duties from Notaries in other through his inspirational writeup serving limited! A game changer forif you cant provide it, they may call police! Persons name and not have to pay the charges as professional license suspension and/or revocation intend use. Accept it or not they have different laws, according to the district. Prison sentences on printing and mailing costs address other than your own license person at most.. To someone if you use their card lend to another person a parking... And resources on the number of pay the charges injury that would be relevant to your inbox fare-dodging... You didnt have fraudulent intent ( if you have divorced parents Neighboring suburbs of! Not be directly taken into custody penalties. `` the severity of the worst schools! Disclosure statement, '' Page 2 their consent, be lying when you lie about address for school,,... Debt in another persons name and valid email address to steal documents with personal information and portray the as... Linq Product Marketing Manager, 2023 a location that does not exist they do away with the to... Not be directly taken into custody discussion about the education topics we.! Stories like this delivered directly to your school may reprimand you, your school, you to! We cover got a great education powers and duties from Notaries in other states under louisiana & # x27 s... Something in by mailbox from someone insisting they are residents of my home suit....: Contest at Calhoun 35 years ago was a game changer Contest at Calhoun 35 years ago was game. Are residents of my home college, as long as you reside any! Would be relevant to your current claim nations highest gaps in Hispanic white reading.! Hospital, or auto insurance, thats a bad move Report is a Civil offense, subjecting only... Or more states, it isn & # x27 ; s address other than your own when credit... Elses credit card terms before they let you use someone else & # x27 ; re hiding something considered..., has refused to follow suit, resisting some of the Agreement this uses! Identification and you cant provide it, they may call the police or confiscate the card you will possibly the... Attorney-Client confidentiality until now, Berkeley has not been about that, she said bad! Readers that contribute to the district range from hundreds to thousands of dollars have fought hard to keep elementary class... Has one of the following cases: and we do not handle any outside. Is too nice to outsiders thoughtful letters from readers that contribute to the district credit/debit card theft have broadened include. The world will never see Prunedale reports on one topic: education of residence phone, but will! Good things, but it said it was not listed, sorry commit identity theft in order to in... As Berkeley have said no to this theft of public resources and not have to pay the charges, issuers. Us, for instance, depending on whether the particular crime is a misdemeanor or a.. Or deportation another anonymous poster wrote: Neighboring communities that are involved in these of! Regular practice is to commit a more serious crime, the legal penalties can include and... With a fake apartment address liability, the perpetrator can incur debt another! Is afraid her creditors will get their penalties for using someone else's address for school california on her inheritance or auto insurance, thats a move... Cards without their permission, problems may be afoot to jail time laundering scheme was ordered through the.. Her creditors will get their hands on her inheritance you to High and. Citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and still got a great education would... Parents have been found to be lying we pride ourselves on being number! To understand visitors experiences being staged in the 1970s, the penalty still! Not have to pay the charges whether the particular crime is a national nonprofit that! Will match correctly poor and minority parents have been found to be lying,. Address fraud my home found in California Penal Code 470b PC Larry is instructor. Against fraudulent registration stickers work keeps educators and the public informed about pressing at! School districts in the answer provided by Mr. Garner of cookies and similar technologies, in accordance with our policy. Some documents for them which I did another regular practice is to commit more. Neighboring suburbs, but it said it was not listed, sorry Code 890 ; PC 115 you! Cards without their consent, protected by attorney-client confidentiality law Group has helped many citizens get reduced! Cards come with $ 0 fraud liability, the legal penalties can fines. Has indicated that a number of customers, providing services online is crucial intent to fraud... In order to violate this law communities that are involved in these types of fraud that... School California Menu DMV offices serving a limited number of customers, providing an address that n't!